8 



Indiana University Studies 



Inspector, New Jersey a State Commissioner of Charities and 

 Corrections, New York a Fiscal Supervisor of Charitable Insti- 

 tutions, and Oklahoma a State Commissioner of Charities and 

 Corrections. There are several minor State boards, such as 

 the Ohio and Massachusetts Commissions for the Blind and 

 the New Jersey State Board of Children's Guardians.* 



For purposes of analysis, however, the larger State boards 

 may be classified according to the three main divisions of 

 the general field of charities. Those fields are broadly: 

 (1) penal and reformatory institutions; (2) institutions for 

 the insane; and (3) strictly charitable institutions. In a few 

 States such as Alabama, Georgia, Nevada, and Texas, the 

 only State board is that over penal institutions, — ^the Prison 

 Commission as it is called. Eleven States^ have such boards, 

 usually, however, with another board in at least one of the 

 other fields. Seven States^ have separate boards over the 

 insane. 



By far the most common, however, are those States which 

 have but a single board over all three fields. There are 

 twenty-five States^ with such a single board. Five States^ 

 have two boards over the three fields ; that is, either a single 

 board over the insane and charitable institutions, with a sepa- 

 rate prison commission over the penal institutions, or a 

 charity board over both the penal and charitable institutions, 

 with a separate board over the insane. In no State is there 

 a board over the insane and penal institutions with a separate 

 board over the strictly charitable institutions. Massachusetts 

 and New York have a separate board for each of the three 

 fields, while California has separate boards for each field 

 with an additional fiscal board over all.^ 



Again some States have two boards over the same insti- 

 tutions, — the ''dual system" as it is called, which is described 



* Such minor boards are over subdivisions of the three large fields of charity, and it 

 is not possible in this paper to take the time or space necessary to analyze them. 



^ Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Kansas, Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, 

 New York, Texas, and Wyoming. 



° California, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New York, and Vermont. 

 A committee of the Pennsylvania Board of Public Charities is virtually a separate board 

 over the insane institutions. 



Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, 

 Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, 

 Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, 

 Wisconsin, and Wyoming. 



8 Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Montana, and Virginia. 



» The California situation, which is peculiar, is treated at some length later. 



