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Indiana University Studies 



essential function is to care for this particular class. Thus 

 in Massachusetts the Board of Charities has two subdivisions, 

 caring for adult paupers and for dependent children. In 

 Illinois the Board of Administration finds the insane the chief 

 problem. In Georgia and other southern States where gen- 

 eral charity work upon the part of the State is but little 

 developed, the convict presents the chief problem. In nearly 

 every State a large part of charity work still devolves to a 

 considerable extent upon private philanthropic, local, or mu- 

 nicipal organizations. The State Charities Aid Association of 

 New York is the most notable example of such a private 

 organization whose work has been of great importance. 



It should always be borne in mind that in many States 

 the administration of institutions is still in the hands of 

 individual boards of trustees rather than under a centralized 

 State board. Thus in at least twenty-four,^^ or fifty per cent, 

 of the States the separate boards of trustees are still charged 

 with the administration of State institutions. Even in States 

 having central administrative boards, the institutions in one 

 or more of the fields of charity supervision may still be under 

 separate boards of trustees. The presence of supervisory 

 boards of charities does not change the function of these 

 individual boards in the slightest degree. Even where there 

 are so-called boards of control, the individual boards of trus- 

 tees may still exist in the same field, tho often with modi- 

 fied powers. This is notably the case in California, New 

 York, and Rhode Island. 



III. Three Types of State Systems 



In spite of this great variety of boards, the various State 

 systems may be divided into three large groups or types : the 

 supervisory, the administrative, and the dual. The boards 

 under all of these systems have certain minor characteristics 

 in common. The members are usually appointed by the gov- 



" Alabama, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Louisiana, 

 Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New 

 York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, and Virginia. 



^ This classification deals only with central State boards. There is a fourth type of 

 State system in which each institution is governed by a separate board of trustees and 

 there is no central State board. This may be called the "trustee type". It is fast disap- 

 pearing and is today of little significance as a State system. See p. 7. 



