114 



THE OLIVE 



The head is horn shaped, broader than it is long, with a convex 

 bulb on each side. Two indented lines, starting from the base, 

 cross in the middle of the back of the head, and form a V in front. 



There are five or six little dots on either side of the head. The 

 antennas are very small, with three joints. The first thoracic ring is 

 flat and smooth. The second and third have a transversal crease, 

 on each side of which are two minute tubercles, each containing a 

 bristly hair. 



The first eight abdominal rings are uniform; they are broader 

 than long, with three tubercles on each side, each holding a bristle. 

 The ninth ring has six hairy tubercles equidistant from each other. 

 The last ring is rounded and shield-shaped in the back, and has 

 two false feet, which are larger than the others, and which project 

 on either side. 



When the larva is first hatched, its color is an ashy green, with 

 the head light red. The first thoracic ring contains two brown 

 spots, and the feet are black. As the larva increases in size, these 

 colors become more decided ; the head changes to a bright red, the 

 back of the first ring inclines to a pale yellow, and the spots on it 

 become black and nearly square. The last abdominal ring in some 

 larvae becomes brown, in others not. Subsequently a darker line 

 appears each side of the center of the back, extending from the 

 second thoracic to the ninth abdominal ring. These lines continue 

 to darken, and between them will appear a pale yellow streak. The 

 backs of the first thoracic and last abdominal rings become a straw 

 color. Some larvae do not change color till after their transforma- 

 tion into the pupa stage. Their greatest length is one-third of 

 an inch. 



The pupa is elongated, ( Fig. 9, 9 a, 9 b,) and gradually tapers 

 downward in a conical shape, rounded in front ; the wings, antennae, 

 and eyes are visible. In its first days, the color is a light green, but 

 grows darker as did the larva. Its length is about a quarter of an 



