TIMBERS. 



23 



The bend of floors requiring to be at the middles 

 and of angidar bend, see Fig. J^^^E ^^^^^ o^^" 

 half the required length, should have the earth removed 

 from the bulb of the root, from one or both sides, 

 according to circumstances, and the tree and stool 

 partially upset to windward, that is, generally south- 

 west; (the operator, in effecting this, may be assist- 

 ed by a strong pronged instrument) ; then fixed in 

 this inclined position, and the earth filled in. This 

 inclination may be given at planting, when the 

 plants are tall. 



The best mode of securing the larger plants in 

 their bent position, is by rods, forked or hooked at 

 one end, the other end nailed to a ground-stake ;— 

 the upper end, if forked, firmly tied to the bent 

 plant by mat or straw rope. Smaller plants may be 

 secured to the notched tops of stakes by ligatures ; 

 and the smallest, particularly larch, pinned down by 

 small stakes with hooked tops. Advantage may also 

 be taken of an adjacent tree of small value, and 

 which would ultimately be required to be thinned 

 out, to tie the bended standard down to the most 

 convenient part of its top or stem, lopping off all 

 above the ligature, if it interfere with the standard, 

 and barking it near the ground, to prevent much 

 future growth When the workmen comprehend 



