70 



JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



[Vol. 8 



December, 45.0° F.; January, 52.2° F.; February, 43.0° F.; March, 

 54.5° F.; April, 62.9° F.; May, 71.0° F. The lowest temperatures 

 during the winter were as follows: November, 36° F.; December, 

 23° F.; January, 25° F.; February, 10° F.; March, 26° F. 



A similar experiment was conducted at Uvalde, but with a smaller 

 amount of manure. The manure, consisting of horse dung mixed with 

 straw and infested with larvae and pupae, was put in the cage on several 

 different dates, as follows : December 6, December 8, December 9, and 

 December 13, 1913. A total of about two-thirds of a barrel of manure 

 was used. Examinations of the breeding medium made January 14, 

 1914, and on two subsequent dates, failed to reveal the presence of 

 any larvae; thus indicating that all had pupated. It is possible, of 

 course, that some larvae may have been overlooked. Adults con- 

 tinued to emerge throughout the winter except during cold periods. 

 The longest period without emergence was between February 8 and 

 February 16. During this period the daily mean temperature ranged 

 from 39° F. to 61° F. After March 1, from one to nine flies emerged 

 daily up to March 18, when for six days no adults appeared. This, 

 with the exception of March 18 (when the daily mean was 64.5° F.), 

 was a cool period, the daily mean ranging from 42° F. to 59° F. On 

 April 1, 2 and 4, respectively, a single adult emerged and no others 

 appeared after the last mentioned date. During the mnter of 1913- 

 14 at Uvalde the monthly mean temperatures were as follows : Novem- 

 ber, 66.4° F.; December, 54.4° F.; January, 55° F.; February, 54.7° F.; 

 March, 60.1° F. The lowest temperatures during these months were: 

 November, 41° F.; December, 27° F.; January, 23° F.; February, 22° F.; 

 March, 27° F.i 



Supplementary tests with immature stages were made at Dallas by 

 placing a large number of larvae and pupae in boxes of manure under 

 screened cages out of doors. Two thousand larvae of all sizes, and 

 over one thousand pupae were used in these experiments. They were 

 picked out of manure, counted and put into small boxes of manure on 

 December 26 and December 30, 1913. Most of the pupae in these 

 tests produced adults during January and February. On February 28, 

 the last time the manure was disturbed, some larvae had pupated, but 

 a greater number of larvae was present. No adults emerged in this 

 cage, and when the final examination was made, on June 6, 1914, no 

 larvae or puparia were found. Possibly ants destroyed them or the 

 pupae may have rotted and some of the larvae may have migrated, 



^ The above temperatures at Uvalde were taken from the Weather Bureau records. 

 Following are the lowest temperatures recorded at the site where experiments were 

 conducted: November, 32° F; December, 27° F;. January, 24° F.; Feburary, 22° F.; 

 March, 28° F. 



