April, '15] 



PARROTT: CODLING INIOTH SPRAYING 



167 



used in amounts varying from one to three pounds to fifty gallons 

 of water. The strength of lime-sulphur was one gallon of concentrate 

 testing 32-34° B. to fort}^ gallons of water. Applications were made 

 with pressures of 300 pounds or more with Bordeaux nozzles and 

 about 200 pounds wdth Vermorel nozzles. 



Table II. Showing Results from High and Low Pressure Spraying 



Conditions 



Sound Apples 



End Wormy 



Side Wormy 



Total No. 

 of Apples 



Per cent 

 Wormy 



No. 



Per cent 



No. 



Per cent 



Vermorel 3 lbs. to 50 



7603 



60 



0.72 



645 



7.76 



8308 



8.48 



Vermorel 3 lbs. to 50 



6192 



45 



0.67 



515 



7.63 



6752 



8.30 





7532 



22 



0.28 



406 



5.10 



7960 



5.38 





3376 



6 



0.17 



229 



6.34 



3611 



6.51 





6427 



71 



1.02 



439 



6.33 



6937 



7.35 



Bordeaux 1 lb. to 50 



5079 



40 



0.73 



340 



6.23 



5459 



6.96 





5417 



53 



0.89 



464 



7.82 



5934 



8.71 





5286 



111 



1.92 



384 



6.64 



5781 



8.56 



Bordeaux 2 lbs. to 50 



7361 



20 



0.26 



330 



4.28 



7711 



4.54 





7710 



53 



0.66 



307 



3.80 



8070 



4.46 



Vermorel L. S. & Lead 1-50 ...... 



5880 



103 



1.56 



601 



9.13 



6584 



10.69 



Bordeaux L. S. & Lead 1-50 



8331 



123 



1.34 



693 



7.58 



9147 



8.92 



Check 



5968 



318 



4.45 



866 



12.11 



7152 



16.56 



Check 



5280 



234 



3.56 



1055 



16.06 



6569 



19.62 



The data as presented are based only on preliminary experiments 

 which were conducted during the past season under the efficient 

 direction of a w^estern expert in order to familiarize our entomological 

 staff with the methods of high-pressure spraying; and there is no 

 necessity for anticipating conclusions. However, it is apparent that 

 the results, while of interest to professional workers, have a practical 

 bearing. To follow the advice that ''the spray be directed from above 

 and be driven squarely against each blossom'^ in a typical apple 

 orchard in western New York composed of trees that are high and of 

 great expansion, would raise a lot of new problems, involving largely 

 the surmounting of practical difficulties that would not prove easy to 

 conquer; in fact, if the season's experience is a criterion, would stir 

 up more hares than one would care to run down. On the other hand, 

 if penetration of the lower calyx cavity is not really necessary under 

 our conditions, then the needs of the orchardist can be met with a 

 broad sweeping spray. From this standpoint a high-pressure out- 

 fit would still possess merits — rapidity of discharge and carrying power 

 of the spray, affording possibilities for economy of time and a wide 

 field for the development of higher standards of spraying than now 

 generally prevail. 



