170 



JOURNAL OF ECONOAIIC ENTOMOLOGY 



[Vol. 8 



pressure at 125 pounds and nothing higher. This past year we have 

 estimated that we had 1800 per cent moth, that is, 18 worms for every 

 unspraj^ed apple. 



In our 1914 pressure experiments similar to Mr. Parrott's, we found 

 that a pressure of 125 pounds controlled the moth more efficiently 

 than 250 pounds. We also found that nozzles which produced a mist 

 spray were preferable to the Bordeaux nozzle. 



Hence I believe in usiog and continuing to use things which we 

 know to be effective in our own orchard. The trouble I find in our 

 experiment station work is that growers are in the habit of taking 

 up with any new hobby that comes along. Because Professor Melan- 

 der in the State of Washington is successful in controlling the codling 

 moth by using high pressure, it is no sign that we can have equal suc- 

 cess with the same methods here. We can probably get good results 

 regardless of the number of poisoned particles which lodge in the calyx 

 cup. 



Mr. a. L. Quaintance: I take the libertj^ to speak again to en- 

 dorse the remarks made in regard to pump pressure in spraying. A 

 good deal of evidence is accumulating which indicates that very 

 thorough work may be done in the control of the codling moth by a 

 much lower pressure than is currently believed. I would not be 

 surprised that we shall find that from 125 to 150 pounds pressure, 

 wdth good thorough spraying, will answer, as well as 200 or 250 

 pounds pressure. Coarse nozzles, of the Bordeaux type, at least 

 under eastern conditions, do not seem to give superior results in the 

 protection of fruit than Vermorel or Eddj^ Chamber nozzles, and the 

 latter, as is well known, are much more economical of the spray 

 liquid. 



Mr. E. N. Cory: Have you had an^^ experience with the airtight 

 sprayers run at 175 pounds pressure on the principle of the atomizer? 



Mr. Watkins: The airtight spraj^ers have changed this year so 

 that it is impossible to justifj^ any recommendations. Last year they 

 were run by a two-cycle engine and no agitator; this year they have a 

 four-cycle engine and an agitator. The University of Illinois spraying 

 specialist is pretty strong for an agitator, and we did not get one there 

 last year for the simple reason that it did not have an agitator. This 

 year, since it is made with an agitator and the four-cycle engine, it is 

 our intention to test it. I know of several machines that were 

 turned back to the company last year. 



President H. T. Fernald: The next paper on the program T\dll 

 be given by Mr. Shelford. 



