238 



JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



IVol. 8 



picking time. The loss was greater than might reasonably have been 

 expected. The orchard is remote from any unsprayed orchard and the 

 ground was left last season practically free from apples. 



The conclusion, naturally, is that the orchardist can no more reason- 

 ably expect an apple crop without intelligent cultivation and spraying 

 than can the farmer expect a corn crop without proper and intelligent 

 planting and cultivation. 



President H. T. Fernald: The next paper will be read by Mr. 

 H. A. Surface. 



EFFICIENCY OF PARASITES OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE 



By H. A. Surface, Harrishurg, Pa. 

 (Withdrawn for publication elsewhere) 



Mr. Francis Windle : Through my inspections several years ago I 

 noticed the operations of some predacious insects, as well as parasites, 

 upon the San Jose scale, and when inspecting in Adams County, prob- 

 ably a year ago, it was a very difficult matter to find any live San Jose 

 scale,, although there was evidence of many trees that had never been 

 sprayed having been badly infested. Two or three years previous to 

 this I had reported the operations of parasites on the scale in my own 

 county of Chester, and noticed the gradual disappearance of the scale. 

 Not only in Adams and Chester Counties, but in Bucks and Berks 

 Counties, I found the same conditions. 



Mr. D. G. Tower: About a year ago while collecting parasites 

 of the native scales at Amherst, this parasite was found in abundance. 

 Dr. L. O. Howard kindly determined it as a new species and accordingly 

 a description was published. Since then notes on its life history 

 have also been published. Dr. Fernald announced that no hyper- 

 parasites had been found at Amherst and stated that parasites would 

 be sent to those desiring them. I am inclined to think that hyper- 

 parasitism, if such is the case, will not greatly hinder the work of 

 this parasite. Professor Parrott has shown that this parasite is the 

 dominant one in New York. While I do not expect to see the scale 

 cleaned up in a single case by this parasite, still in unsprayed or in 

 orchards impracticable to spray, on ornamental shrubs and in forests^ 

 I think the work of this parasite will be of considerable value. 



