298 



JOURNAL OF ECOXO-MIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 8 



Bibliography 



1909 0. M. Retjter. Species described. Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicce, XXXVI. pp. 47. 

 71. 



1911 C. R. Crosby. The Apple Red Bugs. CorneU Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 291. 

 1913 P. J. Parrott and H. E. Hodgkiss. The False Tarnished Plant-bug as a 

 Pear Pest. Xew York Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 368. 



Plate 11 



Fig. 1. Heterocordijlus malinus drilling with proboscis, preparing to oviposit in 

 Crataegus. 



Fig. 2. H. malinus inserting the ovipositor. 



Fig. 3. H. mnlinus with ovipositor inserted nearly to the base. 



Eig. 4. Lygidea mendax with ovipositor inserted in lenticel. 



Fig. 5. Two eggs of H. malinus laid at the base of a new fruit spur. 



Pig. 6. Showing holes made by H . moMnus in ovipositing at the junction of new 



growth and the old twig (enlarged). 

 Fig. 7. Bark removed to show egg of L. mendn.z (enlarged). 



Plate 12 



Fig. 8. Eggs of Lygus invitus as deposited in pear branch (x2). 



Fig. 9. Bark removed to show egg of Paracalocoris colon laid at base of dead stub. 



Fig. 10. P. colon at the point of ovipositing. 



Fig. 11. Xatural fruit showing red bug injury. 



Fig. 12. Crataegus leaves showing tj^pical red bug injury. 



COTTON SEED OIL SOAP AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR WHALE 



OIL SOAPi 



By W. ^y. YoTHEHs,' Bureau oi Entomology, Orlando. Florida 



Many people, including some entomologists, find the odor of fish oil 

 «oap very disagreeable. Especially is this the case if it is used on 

 plants in a conservatory or greenhouse. With a view to finding a 

 substitute for whale oil soap much experimenting was done with cotton 

 seed oil and the following formula was originated: 



2 quarts of cotton seed oil, \ 



6 ounces of caustic potash, 



1 quart of water. 



Directions: Dissolve the caustic potash in the water and heat until 

 it boils vigorously. The oil then should be added very slowh^ It 

 should be added in such a way that the boiling should not cease. A 

 few minutes after all the oil has been added the soap is finished. Stir- 

 ring, of course, must be continued throughout the process. 



This formula contains 63 ^/ lo per cent of oil, 31 Vio per cent of water and 

 somewhat less than 6 per cent of caustic. The product has about the 

 same consistency as ordinarj^ fish oil soap and is quite easily handled. 



^Published hx permission of the Chief of the Bureau. 



