June, "15] 



SEVERIN-SEVERIN: KEROSENE TRAPS 



337 



Average about 2 per day. 



PARASITES 



Stylopidoe or Strepsiptera 

 1 Elenchus melanias Perkins 



Tachinidoe 



3 Frontina archippivora Will 2 



2 Chsetogaedia monticola B^got 1 



Hymenoptei'a 



571 Tetrastichus hagenowii (Ratzeb.) (Secondary parasite) . . 57 



6 Anastatus koebelei Ashm 17 



7 Solindenia picticornis Cam 1 



2 Chalcis obscurata Walk 0 



1 Pimpla hawaiiensis Cam 3 



3 Ischiogonus palliatus (Cam.) 0 



0 Encyrtus fuscus How . ^. 3 



0 Cremastus hymenise Vier 1 



590 82 



19 Primary parasites 25 



571 Secondary parasites 57 



A large number of hymenopterous parasites which have not been 

 identified were captured in the kerosene. Many parasites of which 

 the hosts are unknown w^ere trapped. Parasites new to the Hawaiian 

 Islands, and of recent, accidental introduction, were caught in kero- 

 sene and other oils. 



Besides the Mediterranean fruit-flies, predaceous and parasitic in- 

 sects listed, a number of animals other than insects were caught in the 

 kerosene; viz., one lizard, centipeds and many spiders. Of the insects 

 captured, the largest number were (1) Mediterranean fruit-flies, (2) 

 ants, (3) winged plant lice, (4) gnats or midges (in one catch 84 gnats 

 or midges were counted), (5) bark lice and (6) moths. Among the 

 Orthoptera, cockroaches, katydids, long-horned grasshoppers and one 

 African mole cricket were taken in the oil. Among the Diptera, 

 syrphid flies, soldier flies, vinegar flies, flesh flies and a few mosquitoes 

 were killed in the kerosene. A few other insects that were found dead 

 in the kerosene and worth mentioning on account of their economic 

 importance are, the Japanese beetle {Adoreius umhrosus), Lantana 

 leaf-bug {Teleonomia lantance), and Torpedo bug (Siphanta acuta). 



It may be possible that some insects which have been captured with 

 oil lamps are not attracted to the light but to the oil. According to 

 Dr. Perkins, ''It is just possible that Stylopidse are attracted by kero- 

 sene, since one or two species have been taken in the oil on lamps, and 

 are supposed to have been attracted by the light, but it may have 

 been the oil.^' 



