370 • JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 8 



quires approximately six weeks: a colony which had just emerged on 

 May 10, 1913, was enclosed in netting and of these the first adults 

 appeared on June 21. 



The ecdysis consumes from ten to fifteen minutes, the epidermis 

 first splitting on the top of the head, then down the dorsal line of the 

 thorax and finally down the abdomen. The head is first released, 

 appearing rather suddenly, the legs are withdrawn more slowly, and 

 the abdomen gradually worked out of its old skin, leaving a very per- 

 fect exuvium. For the last molt the insect moves to the underside of a 

 leaflet and fastens itself securely by the first two pairs of legs. The 

 newly emerged adult is very soft-bodied and almost white, but the 

 normal colors appear in about fortj— five minutes. 



The adults are first seen in large numbers about the first of July. 

 There is no e\4dence to show that they winter over in the adult stage. 

 They are usually found grouped about the petioles of the leaves, some- 

 times on the leaflets, rarely on the Uxigs and never on the trunk. 

 Unlike most of the local forms of the family, they are often found high 

 up on the trees, although generally preferring the sunny ends of the 

 lower branches. They are very active and fly well, leaving the petiole 

 with a quick ''snap" and flying occasionally for several hundred feet. 

 The adults are most numerous in this \dcinity in late Julj^ and early 

 August and at this time are very abundant. On August 9, 1912, over 

 200 individuals were collected from one tree in the course of a half 

 hour's collecting and on July 22, 1914, 162 specimens were taken from 

 the lower branches of another tree in a few minutes by three persons 

 collecting. The insects on the butternut are much darker in color 

 than the individuals on other hosts. The males and females are ahke 

 in color, both being of a very deep brown, almost black, and both sexes 

 being darker than the males of the species usually appear. So notice- 

 able is this, that when mounted in a cabinet with specimens of the 

 same species collected on other hosts, the difference is at once remarked. 

 It would be interesting to know w^hether the sap of the butternut on 

 which the insects feed, has anything to do with this variation in 

 color. 



It is interesting to note that locally, at least, Enchenopa binotata 

 is not attended by ants, and there seems to be no record of such atten- 

 dence in literature. This is rather remarkable in view of the fact that 

 most of our Membracidse, particularly in the nymphal stages, are so 

 attended. The nymphs of this species show the same extended anal 

 tube as the nymphs of those species which excrete the fluid which 

 attracts the ants, and they appear in numbers sufficiently large as to be 

 easily discovered by the latter if there was any occasion for this mutual 

 relationship. It should be noted in this connection, however, that 



