June, '15] 



FUNKHOUSER: ENCHENOPA BINOTATA SAY 



371 



Baer has described ^ a species of the same genus, Enchenopa ferruginea 

 Walk., as being attended by ants, and he has observed this species 

 giving off the so-called '^honey-dew." 



Enchenopa binotata appears commonly in this vicinity on locust, 

 bitter-sweet, wild grape, sycamore, hickory and willow, as well as on 

 the butternut but on none of the former hosts does it show the dark 

 color, the absence of the frothy deposits or the habit of laying eggs in 

 the buds. 



This species appears to be of decided economic importance, since it 

 has been reported on a wide variety of host plants and has been known 

 to seriously injure many of them. In the case of the butternut the 

 buds are often entirely destroyed and adventitious growth is found 

 starting from beside the punctured buds which have failed to develop. 



I am indebted to Miss Leona Smith for a very fine series of both 

 nymphs and adults of this insect, all collected from the butternut. 



EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE OYSTER-SHELL 



SCALE 



{Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn.) 

 By R. L. Webster 



The writer has already noted in general the fact that certain low 

 temperatures of January, 1912, killed the eggs of the oyster-shell scale 

 in many localities in lowa.^ Late in 1912, nearly a year after the 

 extreme cold weather, some further data were obtained on the subject. 

 Circular letters requesting samples of the scale were sent out from the 

 office of the State Entomologist to correspondents that had previously 

 sent in specimens. Again in December, 1914, letters requesting addi- 

 tional scale-infested twigs were sent out. All these samples were 

 examined by the writer for sound eggs. 



The results in the two years were very different. In the first case, 

 scarcely any scales containing sound eggs were found. In the second, 

 however, most of the samples contained scales with sound eggs. The 

 scale had been practically wiped out in 1912, but in January, 1915, had 

 regained most of the lost ground. 



An account of the examination of the samples follows. The notes 

 used are from the files of the entomological section of the Iowa Agri- 

 cultural Experiment station at Ames. 



In order to understand the significance of these observations a brief 

 outline of the life history of the oyster-shell scale is necessary. During 



^ Baer, G. A. Note sur un Membracide myrmecophile. Ann. Soc. ent. France, 

 1903, LXXII: Bull. 306. 

 2 JouRN. EcoN. Ent., Vol. 5, p. 470, 1912. 



