510 



OLZAOIVOrS PLAINTS 



gallons of olive, rape-^eecl or other oih, being used in tlie preparation 

 of ever Y pack of wool, lor clorii (independent of the qnantitv used 

 in soap, applicable to the woollen maniifactiu'esj . it follows that 

 five gallons on 801,566 packs are equal to 4.007,S30 gallons, or 

 15.90J: tuns ; and adding for olire or sperm oil used ui machinery 

 1-llth of the whole. 1.4i6 tuns, the total quantity consumed is 

 17,350 tuns, — Enderby on the South AVhale rishery.'") 



Fixed oih are found ui the cells and intere-elhular spaces of the 

 fruit, leaves, and other parts of plants, 



Some of the^e are drymg oils, as linseed oil. from Z//^?/m v.sitatis- 

 simum : some are fat oils, as that from olives Uruit of Olea 

 sativa or I^uropcc2 \ : whilst others are solid, as palm oil, 



The solid oil- or fats procured from plants are. butter of cacao, 

 from Ihe'Jjro'/iiii cactij ; of cinnamon from ^Jiniiariionium 'ceruni ; 

 of nutm-eg. frC'tu Aiyrisilca moscJiafa ; of coco-nut. fi'om Cocos 

 nuciftrci : of laurel. Irom Laurv.s ^iolUis : of palm oil. from EJais 

 guiamensis : Shea butter, from Ba^io. FarJcii G-alam butter, or 

 Ghee, from Bassia hi'tur^icea \ and vegetable tallow, from Stillinjia 

 sebifera in China, from Vcteria indica in Canara and Ciiina. and 

 from Bentades/ua li'tjracea in Sierra Leone, and from the almond. 

 These oils contain a large amount of stearine. and are used as 

 substitutes for fat. Some of them are imported in large quantities, 

 and enter into the composition of soap, candles. ^Vc. 



Castor oil. from the seeds of Bicinus communis, differs from 

 other fixed oils in its composition, 



Decandolle states the following as the quantity of oil obtained 

 fL-om Taiious seeds : — 



Per cent. , Per cent, 



in weigiit.'! in weignt. 



Hazel-nut 60 | Wliite mustard (iS'«»aj>ts aZJr/) 36 



Grarden cress .. . ... ... 57 \ Tobacco ... 34 



Olire ... ... 50 



"Walnut ... ... ... 50 



Poppy {Fapa'cer somrdfemr/i) 48 



Almond ... ... ... 46 



Caper-spurge [EupJioriia Za 



Plum 33 



Woad 30 



Hemp ... ... ... ... 25 



Flax ... 22 



Sunflower ... ... ... 15 



thyris) ... ... 41 \ Euctn-neat ... 14 



Colza, {^rassiea oleracea) ... 39 , Grapes... ... ... ... 12 



The following table, quoted from Boussingault. shows the re- 

 sults of some experiments made by iM. Gauzac. of Daeny : — 





Seed I 







Oil t:-:: 







Cake per 





per 



ac 



:e. 





L'il per 





cwts. qrs 



. lbs. 



lbs. 



025. 



cent. 



cent. 



Colewort 



19 



0 



15 



S75 



4 



40 



54 



Eocket 



15 



1 



3 



320 



8 



IS 



73 



"Winter rane ...... 



16 



0 



IS 



641 



6 



S3 



62 



S'^edish. turnips . . 



15 



1 



25 



595 



5 



33 



62 



Curled eole-i;Fort . . 



16 



9 



IS 



641 



6 



33 



62 



Turnip cabbage . . 



13 



0 



10 



555 



4 



33 



61 



Gold of pleasui-e . . 



17 



1 



16 



545 



S 



0- 



"2 



Sunflower ...... 



15 



3 



14 



275 



0 



15 



SO 



Flas 



15 



1 





3S5 



0 



22 



69 



White poppy .... 



10 



1 



IS 



560 



s 



46 



. 52 



Hemp 





3 



21 



229 



0 



25 



70 



Summer rape 



11 



3 



17 



412 



5 



30 



65 



