594 



DRUGS. >'AECOTICS, ETC. 



1. The samples were dried and the -woody fihre and extract were also dried 

 at 212 degs. The watery infusions of all contained ammoniacal salts. The 

 salts from the ash, which were soluble in water, consisted of sulphates, car- 

 bonates, phosphates, and chlorides ; the bases being potassa and lime. The 

 solution by hydrochloric acid contained lime, alumina, phosphate of lime, and 

 oxide of iron. 



3. Contained oxide of manganese in small quantity; sulphates in watery 

 solution of ash abundant. Hydrochloric solution contained an abundance 

 of lime. 



4. A trace of manganese ; a trace only of phosphoric acid in watery solution. 



5. Contained abundance of oxide of manganese. 



6. Abundance of oxide of manganese. 



7. A mere trace of oxide of manganese, and a trace of oxide of iron ; only 

 a trace of alumina. 



8. A trace of oxide of manganese ; quantity of oxide of iron rery great ; 

 only a trace of alumina. 



In ricli loams, wliere the solution of ttie minerals of tlie soil 

 is rapid, and where 10 to 20 per cent, of vegetable matter is in- 

 corporated in the earth, tobacco may be obtained for many years, 

 but it is always an exhausting crop. It has been stated that 

 170 lbs. of mineral matter are removed in less than three months 

 from one acre of land, by a crop of tobacco. This is very much 

 more than wheat or other grains abstract from the soil in eight 

 or nine months. 



Tobacco is now very extensively cultivated in France and other 

 European countries, in the Levant, the East and AVest Indies ; 

 and a little is grown at the Cape and in the Australian Settle- 

 ments. 



A good deal of tobacco is raised in 3Iexico, but only for 

 home consumption, as its export is prohibited. It forms an 

 article of culture in Brazil and some of the South American 

 republics, and is grown to a small extent along the Western shores 

 of Africa. It is from Xorth America, however, that we derive 

 the bulk of our supplies of this great article of commerce, which, 

 with cotton, forms the chief agricultural wealth of the E^nited 

 States. 



In 1S21, the tobacco exported from the Brazils amounted to 

 29,192,000 lbs., but its cultivation was greatly injured by the 

 siege of the capital in 1822-23. Eresh seed was subsequently 

 obtained from Cuba, and in 1835 tbe exports were 6.051,010 lbs. 



131 cases of Princeza snufl" were shipped from Bahia to Lisbon, 

 in 1835 ; about 60,000 lbs. per annum of this snuff being now 

 manufactured at Bahia, with the aid of two steam-engines. The 

 exports of tobacco from Bahia increased from 2,018,000 lbs. in 

 1833, to 6,051,040 lbs. in 1835. The average shipments are about 

 21,000 bales and rolls. 



The army of smokers in Grreat Britain and Ireland consume 

 yearly about six milhons of pounds worth of tobacco. The duty 

 alone paid upon snuff and tobacco for the people of Grreat Britain, 

 averages four-and-a-half milhons sterling a year ! The quantity 

 consumed — smoked, snuffed, or chewed — during the same period, 

 is about 28 milhons of poimds weight, or about four pounds weight 

 per annum for every male adult. Ireland annually pays not less 



