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The borders are composed of eighteen inches of the 

 natural soil, which is strong clay, and eighteen inches 

 of light soil from the fields, over a bottom of six inches 

 of stones and lime-rubbish, all beat and smoothed to- 

 gether; the manure employed is stable-dung, soot, 

 and vegetable mould. As soon as a tree comes into 

 a bearing state, it will bear in whatever position the 

 branches are laid, providing they have proper space 

 to ripen their wood, which they ought at all times to 

 have. 



Fruning, — Unnail most of the tree, and cut out all 

 the wood that is most worn out by last year's crop. 

 Shorten such shoots as are wanted for new wood, and 

 such as have not ripened their shoots to the point. 

 All that have ripened their shoots to the point, lay in 

 at full length, allowing them a proper distance, which 

 adds greatly to the health and vigour of the tree, and 

 likewise to the size and flavour of the fruit. Then 

 nail them all neatly to the wall, with new shreds ; 

 save all the old shreds, and boil them, and lay them 

 aside for summer nailing. When all is finished, 

 wash the trees and walls all over with the following 

 wash : — 2 lbs. flowers of sulphur, 1 lb. soft-soap, 

 and a few pints of soft-water. Boil the mixture slowly 

 for some time, to promote the combination of the ma- 

 terials ; take a tub (which should be kept for the 

 purpose), fill it nearly full of soapsuds, and then put 

 in a tolerable quantity of the boiled mixture, making 



