BACCIFERJE. 



141 



which the Septuagint Greek does not attempt to interpret, but gives 

 the word itself in Greek characters pa6jU6v, ratlimen. It is possible 

 that the Sanscrit word Gun or Jun, (the u short,) may be the root of 

 it, signifying, as it does, good qualities^ and, Hkewise, shelter. The 

 prophet found the shelter; and as for the good qualities, even in 

 Pliny's time they are profusely recorded by him. In his Sixteenth 

 Eook, cap. 18, its praise is that it is verdure for mountains, and yields 

 resinous juice: cap. 21, that its leaf doth not fade: cap. 39, that in 

 common with the cedar it yields an oil which preserves vv^hat is rubbed 

 with it from moth or rotting : cap. 40, that on account of the inde- 

 structible nature of its wood it is adapted for porticos and other sub- 

 dial erections, having like durability with the cedar. Further, in his 

 Twenty-fourth Book, cap. 8, he enumerates most valuable medicinal 

 virtues which the juniper was believed to possess, in some respects 

 more than any other tree. He attributes these properties to its seeds, 

 its berries, its inner bark, and its juices : — " Serpeiites fugat ; dolorihus 

 utile; tusses coneoquit ; tumores sistit ; urinas ciet ; &;c., &c." 



Mowers, Generally dioecious, i. e., male and female on different 

 plants ; yet exceptionally found on the same plant ; male catkins 

 small ovate bodies, either at the ends of the branchlets, or in the axil 

 of the leaves ; having from four to eight celled anthers at the back of 

 each scale : the female or fertile catkins are small bud-like bodies, 

 composed of fine, thin, fleshy scales, which at first are nearly concealed 

 by imbricated bracts, from which they eventually emerge as the fruit 

 approaches maturity. 



Leaves, these are variously formed and disposed ; simple, or scale- 

 formed j lanceolate or linear, mostly sharp-pointed ; generally in whorls 

 of threes ; closely imbricated in four rows ; sometimes opposite, some- 

 times ternate ; both simple and scale-formed leaves are to be found on 

 the same plant, in the different stages of its growth. 



Berries, these are small fibrous, fleshy formations, or galhules^ exter- 

 nally furnished with more or less numerous scales ; though generally 

 globular in form, yet, in some species angular, and naked at the apex ; 

 having a glossy surface or skin. When ripe they are of a deep purple, 

 black, brown, or red colour : seeds, generally there are three, yet 

 frequently found in various numbers from one to five, rarely more, in 

 a berry ; which are more or less concave on one of their sides, and 

 angular on the other. The berries, when pressed or bruised, emit a 

 strong piquant odour, and this more particularly in the resin of some 

 species ; especially in those of §.3, {Sahijioides,) which is incompletely 

 oxygenized, and is, therefore, more fragrant and, also, more stimulant. 



