THE ALDER. 



95 



bined with iron it produces a very good black. 

 The Alder is increased either by seeds or by 

 truncheons, the latter method being preferred in 

 places which are liable to be overflowed, and 



CUT-LEAVED ALDER. 



where consequently a firm hold in the ground is 

 desirable. Several varieties are cultivated with 

 leaves cut like those of the Hawthorn and Oak, 

 and these frequently attain a large size. 



