204 



PRACTICAL FORESTRY. 



the Middle and Northern Atlantic States in Pennsylvania, only 

 on limestone hills (Porter), but most abundant in the Mississippi 

 Valley. Wood valuable and very dui*able. 



Q, nigra, L. — Black Jack Barren Oak. — Leaves large, five to 

 ten inches, thick, broadly wedge-shaped, rounded at the base, 

 mostly three-lobed at summit, bristle-awned, smooth above, 

 and rusty-downy beneath, deciduous. Acorns biennial, one- 

 half to three-fourths of an inch long, cup top-shaped, with 

 coarse scales enclosing one-third or one-half of the oblong-ovate 

 mat. A small tree, seldom more than twenty feet high, with 

 very dark-colored rough bark. Wood coarse-grained, only 

 valuble for fuel. Widely distributed from New Jersey south- 

 ward to Florida, and westward to Texas and northward. 



Q. oblongifolia, Torr. — Evergreen White Oak. — Leaves ever- 

 green, oblong, one to two inches long, and half as wide, on 

 very short stalks, entire or with a few blimt teeth, obtuse at 

 each end, or slightly heart-shaped at base, downy when young, 

 calyx lobesj short, oval, woolly. Acoms oblong, one-half to an 

 inch long, cups hemispherical, tubercled. A small, handsome, 

 evergreen tree, twenty to thirty feet high, with stem two feet 

 in diameter. Fruit maturing the first season. Mountains of 

 Southern California and Mexico. 



Q. Palmeri, Engelm. — Palmer's Oak. — A tall shrub, with 

 thick and very rigid leaves, scarcely an inch long, round, oval, 

 obtuse or sub-cordate at base, with undulate and spiny mar- 

 gins. Acorns maturing the second season. Mountains of San 

 Diego County, California, near the boundary and southward. 



Q. palustris, DuRoi. — Pin Oak, Swamp Oak. — Leaves oblong, 

 smooth and shining, bright green on both sides, deeply pinnati- 

 fid, with broad and rounded sinuses, the lobes divergent, cut- 

 lobed and toothed. Acorns globular, scarcely one-half inch 

 long, cup shallow and saucer-shaped. A \ery handsome, medium 

 sized tree, with light, elegant foliage, growing in low grounds, 

 along streams, from New England to Nebraska and Kansas. 

 Wood rather coarse-grained, but valuable for plank or for pur- 

 poses where it will not be exposed to the weather. 



Q. Phellos, L. — ^Willow Oak. — Leaves deciduous, linear-lanceo- 

 late, narrowed at both ends, two to three inches long, bristle 

 awned, scurfy when young. Cup saucer-shaped, enclosing the 

 base of the roundish nut. Acorn maturing the second year. A 

 tree thirty to fifty feet high, with reddish, coarse-grained wood 



