THE FORCING GARDEN. 



791 



be planted others of a greater age, to come into bearing sooner, 

 say the year following the planting, and to be cut out by dc 

 gi-ees as the others advance which are intended to be perma- 

 nent. Such trees are denominated standards, or riders, and 

 are generally on stems of considerable height, so as to fill the 

 top part of the house, while the dwarfs or permanent ones are 

 filling up from the bottom. Those trees which are planted for 

 temporary crops, should not be less than three or four years 

 trained ; and if even of a greater age, if healthy, and having 

 the appearance of plenty of blossom, so much the better, as 

 it is desirable to have them produce fruit as soon as possible ; 

 and if the dwarfs thrive, they will require to be removed in 

 three or four years entirely, if intended to be replanted. But 

 it most generally happens that they are allowed to remain, 

 particularly in large houses, until they be cut out by degrees, 

 to make way for the permanent trees as they advance and oc- 

 cupy the space. 



The planting should be carefully performed, the roots well 

 singled or separated out, and the pits of a proportionable size 

 for the roots ; after planting, they should be moderately wa- 

 tered at their roots, and slightly fastened to the wall or trellis 

 to prevent their being broken. They should not be shortened 

 nor headed down until the end of March or the beginning of 

 April, at which time they will begin to vegetate, and should 

 then be headed in, in the following manner : — The dwarfs, or 

 permanent trees, should have " the shoots on the lower 

 branches cut back to two or three buds, that the wall or trellis 

 may be furnished from the bottom with young wood. The 

 uppermost shoots may be shortened back to half or one- 

 third of their lengths, according to their strength, provided 

 they have been well ripened, and are fi'ee from mildew or 

 canker ; but if they be anywise diseased or injured, let them 

 be cut so far back as to get rid of the cankered, injured, or 

 diseased parts." 



The riders, or standards, need not be headed nor cut 

 in much ; the object being rather to throw them into a bear- 

 ing state than to cause them to push into strong wood, which 

 would not be so fruitful.** 



