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trees as possible. Tbis also uiay be clone from a variety of motives, as 

 wlieu iluiie liy govt-riiuiciit ur eur[)oratious with a view of ali'ectiug' tlie 

 climate and preier\'iug the rivers and soil of the mountains, etc. TLie 

 difference consists cliietiy in tlie fact that in the one case tree-planting is 

 done as :i mere incident with a view of enhancing the value of other 

 forms of property with which it is intimately connected, while in the 

 other case it is the chief business, and the ground is given up entirely 

 to this one crop and is managed with reference to its prosperity. The 

 former can be done, of course, by every farmer or owner of a lot which 

 he devotes chieily to other uses, while the latter can be done only by 

 those who give up Thi4r whole land to this one purpose. Tree-planting, 

 however extensi^re ir may become, can never take the place of forest 

 cultivation. The former would, of course, be done only by people in 

 places where they live and cultivate the fields, while the forests must 

 be kept up often on sterile and, for agricultural purposes, good-for-noth- 

 ing soil, where no farmer could make a living. To secure, moreover, the 

 meteorological advantages of forests and the indirect industrial benefits 

 which how from their regular maintenance, it is absolutely necessary in 

 certain conditions that they should cover a large extent of contiguous 

 ground, stretching often for miles. It is evident that such work cannot 

 be done by a small farmer in the tiuic and with the means usually at 

 his command. 



Another point must be insisted upon, and that is that forest preser- 

 vation does not at all mean that trees shall not be cut down, but simply 

 that they shall be cultivated just like any other crop, and not wasted j 

 that they shall nor be taken away before they are ripe for use, except 

 for some special reasons, and that the conditions necessary for repro- 

 duction shall be steadily maintained from year to year. This means, 

 oftentimes, that care must be exercised not to allow the stand of trees 

 to be cut off entirely or all at once, since this sometimes so changes the 

 whole character of the soil and climate as to make it impossible to re- 

 cover the ground with any reasonable expenditure of efibrt. It is from 

 this wholesale and inconsiderate cutting that such immense damage is 

 being done m all mountainous regions by the clearing of the forests 

 from the hill-sides. The soil is left exposed to the free action of the frost 

 and rain and is carried off in such quantities as to leave only the bare 

 rocks, on which nothing can take root. Even if the soil should not be 

 carried off", the beating rain and driving storm, the scorching sun and 

 biting frosts will dryr^ f o out. drown out, or sweep away what- 

 ever seedlings might si^^ there. The judicious cutting of a for- 

 est in a climate like that of the Atlanti: or Pacific coast regions, says 

 Dr. Sargent, entails no s-iious or permanent loss. A crop ready for 

 the harvest is gathered fur the benefit of the community. Trees which 

 have reached their prime are cur instead of being allowed to perish 

 naturally, and others take their place. In this way the permanence of 

 forests is secured while their fruitfnlness is kepr ar rhe maximum, if we 

 consider, say, a century as the unir of time. 



