14 



of stability iu our population, can more than a temporary or an ephem- 

 eral interest attach to forest property for the individual. 



It is not the forest that is valuable and would appear worth his pro- 

 tection to the individual, but the timber whicli the forest yields. As 

 soon as that is gone the value and the interest is gone for the individual. 

 The interest which the community has in the forest is transcendant. 

 The continuation, reproduction, and protection of the forest cover is of 

 importance to the continued welfare of the community, especially iu 

 .the mountain forests, and tbey will therefore be in safer hands with the 

 community at large, with the state. 



Let it not be overlooked that the state is not only the representative 

 of communal interests as against individual interests, but also of future 

 interests as against the present that the forest is a kind of trust, of 

 which the usufruct belongs to the present, and that to draw upon its 

 capital is a i^erversion of the trust and can only be excused by direst 

 necessity. Every other civilized country has found out after severe pun- 

 ishment that private interest is not sufiScient to protect this class of 

 lands : that state ownership or, what is more objectionable and less 

 effective, state supervision of x>iivate forest lands, is indispensable in 

 those regions where the forest siil>serves other functions than that of 

 mere material supply. 



Whether or not interference of the state in the management of one of 

 the most potent factors of national welfare is un-American has been 

 fully discussed in the paper contributed by Prof. E. J. James, well 

 known as a writer on economic subjects. 



The report of Colonel Ensign, the facts for which were gathered under 

 many difficulties for lack of more liberal funds than could be allowed 

 for this work, will present a clear and tolerably exhaustive picture of 

 the present conditions (1SS7) of the region in its economic development 

 and other aspects, so far as they bear upon the consideration of our ques- 

 tion and of the forest areas as distributed through its different parts. 



It was impossible to include in this investigation the Territory of 

 Utah, and although the writer of this, at liis own expense, visited the 

 Territory and obtained considerable information which would show that, 

 if anything, the forest interests of Utah are in a more precarious con- 

 dition than those of the other parts of the region, this information was 

 not deemed complete enough to appear as a separate chapter. A short 

 resum^, however, has been appended to the report of Colonel Ensign. 



The map accomi)anying this report was compiled from the returns 

 which ai^pear under the description of forest conditions by counties. 

 It of course makes no pretense at exactness as to boundaries, but simply 

 gives to the eye an idea of the relative position of wooded areas and of 

 the i3rincii:)al irrigation ditches. 



The question of what constitutes timber laud is a perplexing one. As 

 one or other view predominates, it denotes land stocked with trees 

 ready for the saw-mill or merely luud upon which there is a wood 



