140 



Juniper, and Piiion ; while the arroyos^ or depressions in the mesas, 

 contain fine groves of Mesqiiit. In the mountain valleys, gulches and 

 canyons, are Yellow Pine, Piiion, Dwarf Mai)le, and Scrub Oak. On 

 the higher ranges, at the north, in addition to the Pines, are found the 

 White Spruce and Red Pir. Juniper is common on the foot-hills of 

 this section. The river valleys are lined with Cottonwood, Box-Elder, 

 several varieties of Willow, Alder, Ash, Sycamores, Cherries, and Mul- 

 berries. On the southern plains, or wide sandy valleys, the prevailing 

 growths are Yucca, Madrofia, and Palo Yerde (acacia). On mountain 

 slopes the second growth is often Aspen. The elevated plain, which 

 occupies the eastern portion of the Territory, has no forests, and is prac- 

 tically treeless. The finest timbered region in l^ew Mexico is in the 

 southwestern part, and includes the Magdalena, Mogollon, Sierra Di- 

 ablo, and other high ranges. Large bodies of Pine, Spruce, and Eir, 

 suitable for lumber, are found here. In the northern mountains, at the 

 headwaters of the Rio Pecos, there is some excellent timber. 



Yiewing the Territory as a whole, the Yellow Pine is the most im- 

 portant and useful tree, and furnishes a large proportion of the native 

 lumber. 



The following is a list of the forest trees of New Mexico : 



Yellow Pine {Pinus 2)onderosa, Doiigl.). 

 White Piue (P. reflexa and F. Jlexilis, Engelin.)- 

 Black Pine, or Tamarack {P. Mnrrayana, Balfour). 

 Pinus Cliihualiiiana, Engelm. 

 - Pinon, or Nut Pine (P. edulis, Engelm.). 

 White Spruce {Picea Engelmanni, Engelm,). 

 Red, or Yellow Fir {Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Carr.). 

 White, or Balsam Fir (Ahics concolor, Lindl. and Gordon). 

 Juniper {Juniperns pachypldoeaj Torr.). 



3 nmY\ev {Juniper us occide'^ talis, Hook, var monosperma, Engl.). 



Red Cedar {Juinperus Firginiana, L.). 



Cypress {Cupressus Guadalupensis, Watson). 



Sycamore {Platanus JVrigMii, Watson). 



Box Elder {Negundo aceroides, Moench). 



Dwarf Maple (Acer glahrnm, Tow.). 



Dwarf Maple {Acer grawiidentatum, Nutt). 



Ash {Fraxinus pisiaciwfoVia, Torr.). 



.Walnut {Juglans rujyeslris, Engelm). 



Black Oak {Qnercus Emoriji, Torr.). 



Locust {Eohinia Neo-'llexicana, Gray). 



Mesquit {Prosopis jaJiflora, D. C). 



Cottonwood {Populus monilifera, Ait.). 



Cottonwood {P. angusHfoUa, James). 



Cottonwood {P. Fremontii var. Wislizeni, Watson). 



Note. — Estimates of forest areas differ widely for the same region. This results 

 from the difference in the competency and carefulness of the observers, and from the 

 fact that there is no accepted standard of estimate. Some include in forest lauds not 

 only those tracts which are densely or mainly covered with trees, hut also grazing 

 lands on which may he found only a few scattering piuons or cedars. The estimates 

 here given of the forest areas of New Mexico, as indeed all the estimates of forest areas 

 embodied in this rej)ort, are designed to embrace only those which are strictly forest 

 clad. The constant endeavor has been not to overestimate in this respect. 



