167 



25. — "Hooky Mountain JuNirEU." {Juinpc) tis oeeidentalis, Hooker, 



var. monoHperma^ Eiigelm.) 



A scraggy, stunted tree, occupying- low, dry bills between 3,500 ami 

 7,000 feet elevation. It ranges through southei u Colorado, I^ew Mex- 

 ico (a4id westward through southern Arizona to southern California). 

 In some localities it forms pure growths, but is chiefly associated with 

 the Nut Tine {Pinus ednJis) and J iiniperus i^achijphkm, together forming 

 the principal timber growth of the hilly sections ; 25 to 30 feet in height, 

 and li feet or more in diameter. Wood rather light and soft, but very 

 durable in contact with the soil, and employed largely for fuel and 

 fencing. 



Descrlplion. — Leaves in twos (alternate opx)osite pairs) and threes, fringed. Ber- 

 ries Lluc-black or copper-colored, resiuons-flesby ; one to two, or more, grooved seeds 

 in each berry. Brandies short, horizontal, and often from the grouml. 



26. — Red Cedar. Savin. (JuniperusVirgi)ilana,'Lum.) 



A valuable tree, and one of the most widely distributed of the l^orth 

 American Conifers. It is a very adaptive species, but the character of 

 the soil has much to do with its success as a timber tree; in bottom- 

 lands it reaches a height of nearly 100 feet, with a diameter of 3 feet or 

 more, while in dry, barren soil it is a small, slow-growing tree, or little 

 more than a shrub. In the Eocky Mountain region it occurs chieHy in 

 the mountains of Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, and Idabo (also through 

 eastern United States and north of the boundary). The timber is light, 

 soft, and possesses remarkable durability in cmitact wiih the soil. It 

 is employed principally for posts, ties, and cabinet work. 



Descry;i/ow.— Leaves scale-like, in twos, sometimes in threes, mostly in alternate 

 opposite pairs, of two forms: on yonng plants and shoots, needle-pointed and some- 

 what spreading; on matnre branchlets, awl-pointed and closely overlapping; bright 

 glossy green to tawny brown in winter ; midrib indistinct. Branchlets slender, four- 

 angled. Berries small, ovate, smooth, but with few small, scaly protuberances- 

 wdiitish with bloom. 



27. — Yew. {Taxiis hrevifolia, l:^ntt,) 



A somewhat rare and small tree as it occurs at its eastern limit in the 

 Rocky Mountains of western Montana and Idaho. In its more westerly 

 range, however (through Washington Territory and Oregon to central 

 California), it attains a much larger size, 40 to 70 feet in height and to 2^ 

 feet in diameter. It generally prefers a moist, rich soil, and on the Pa- 

 cific Coast is much associated with Lambert's Pine and the Douglas 

 Spruce. The wood is hard, durable, and very elastic, and is used con- 

 siderably for fence posts, tool-handles, bows, etc. 



Descnption. — Leaves scattered, |- to 1 inch long, narrow, flat, curved, sharp-pointed, 

 ribbed above, on yellowish footstalks ; yellowish glossy green above, whitish {glaucous) 

 below. Fruit solitary, borne on the under side of the branches, amber-red or yelloW' 

 ish brow Branches long, slender, and pendulous ; bark yellowish. 



