176 



northern tier of States to the Atlantic), attaining its largest size in 

 hitter range. The wood is light, soft, and of no special value except for 

 fuel. 



Description. — Leaves compound, composed of from 3^ to 7^ pairs of leaflets, tlie lat- 

 ter varying iu leugtli from l-^ to 3 inches, and in width from -} to nearly 1 inch (ex- 

 ceptionally li inches Avide) ; mostly ovate-ohlong or lance-shaped, and taperiug sud- 

 denly to a short point at either end, or rounded at the top ; margin sharply toothed 

 (sometimes with teeth of two sizes), smooth. Fruit abundant, in flat clnsttrs, berr^'- 

 like, red, globular, ^ of an inch in diameter ; together with the bark sometimes used 

 ofificinally. 



BLACK-FKUITED HAWTHORNS. 



r)o.-—Cratoegus rivularis, Nuttall. 



A shrub or small tree sometimes attaining a height of 10 to 20 feet, 

 with a diameter of 3 to 10 inches. It occurs in the mountain ranges of 

 Idaho, Montana, Utah, Colorado, to southern ISew Mexico (Pinos Altos 

 Mountains), forming impenetrable growths along water courses and on 

 the borders of swamps (it is found also in eastern Oregon, Washing- 

 ton Territory, and north of the United States boundary). The wood is 

 hard, heavy, and tough. 



Bescription. —hciixes ovate to lance-ovate, 1 to 3 inches long, f to 2 inches wide, 

 more or less wedge-shaped at the base, blunt or sharp pointed; entire margin often 

 with fine and coarse teeth, but chiefly confined to the upper part ; smooth above, or 

 with, few delicate hairs, especially on the veins; pale below. Fruit blackish, | inch 

 in diameter. I'horus few, rather short and thick, ^ to 1^ inches long ; seeds (nutlets) 

 prominently ridged on the back. Generally much branched. 



54. — Cratccgus BougJasii. Lindley. 



The most westerly of the thorns, occurring in Idaho, western Mon- 

 tana (and from northern California to Washington Territory and north 

 of United States boundary). Sometimes 30 feet high and 10 inches in 

 diameter. It prefers a somewhat moist sandy soil, forming dense 

 thickets along streams and in valleys, reaching its largest size on the 

 Pacific coast (Oregon) but chiefly a shrub in the Eocky Mountain region. 

 The wood is heavy, hard, and tough, being locally used for wedges, 

 mauls, ej:c. 



Bescription.—LiCsives H to 4 inches long, f to 2^ inches wide, oblong-ovate to 

 broadly ovate, with rounded, somewhat wedge-shaped, or sharply-tapering base; 

 rounded or sharp pointed; entire margin sometimes with fine sharp teeth, or more 

 often with large teeth above, which are themselves entire or finely toothed ; smooth 

 on the upper surface, or with few delicate silky hairs ; pale beneath. Young branch- 

 lets and leaf-stalks woolly. Fruit f of an inch in diameter, black-purple, sweet, 

 edible; often collected and eaten by the Indians; seeds (nutlets) strongly ridged on 

 the back. Thorns short and strong, f to If laches long. 



55. — Black Thorn. Pear Thorn or, Haw. {Cratccgus tomentosa, 



Linn.) 



One of the most widely distributed of the North Anierican Thorns, 

 varying much, and in size from a low shrub to a tree sometimes 30 feet 



