177 



in lieiglit and 1 loot or more in dianieter, often fornun^- dense iL^rowtlis 

 aloni^- streams and in valleys. It is found in son4ii western New Alexieo, 

 southwestern Colorado (eastern Wasliinj^ton Territory and (jre.^on; 

 also rangin^i>' through the eastern half of the United States ami north 

 of the boundary). The wood is heavy and hard, but rather brittle. 



Descr\j)tioii . — ^Le;ives vai'yiLig iu length from I] to 1^ inches, and from 1 to :> inches 

 iu width; oval to hroadl}'' ovate or sliglitly oblong-ovate, sluirp-pointed orromuU'd; 

 at the base tapering sharply, somewhat wedge-shajied, or rounded; mai-gin usu- 

 ally cut with large teeth (sometimes lobe-like), which are tliemseives linely toothed 

 (doubly serrate); up-per surface smooth, or juore or less downy, as are the leaf-aiul 

 llower-stems. Fruit globular to slightly pear-shaped, | to nearly f of an inch in diam- 

 eter, light red or orange-colored; edible. Thorns 1 to 2^ inches long, thick and 

 sharp. 



CAPRIFOLIACE^ : HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 



oG. — Elder. [Sanibucus alauca, Nuttall.) 



A large shrub or tree, soinetimes attaining a height of 20 to 25 feet, 

 with a diameter of G to 12 inches. It is found abundantly in the AVah- 

 sateh Mountains of central Utah, usually along valleys in a dry soil., 

 but is met with chiefly on the Pacific coast, extending from Mexico to 

 British Columbia and northward. The wood is light, soft, and little 

 esteemed. As an ornamental tree it is quite popidar, being used con- 

 siderably for this purpose. 



JJescription. — Leaves compound, with 2^ to 4^ pairs of ovate or ohloug lance- 

 shaped leallcts, which vary in length from 1| 4^ inches, and in width from 

 f to 1^ inches; base of the leaflet acute and often with unequal sides (luiujui- 

 lattral); apex usually with long thin point; niai'gin sharply toothed; generally 

 suiooth (but sometimes slightl}^ pubescent). Fruit in a tlat-topped cluster, black, but 

 covered with a dense white l)loom — a striking characteristic. Pith of young branches 

 white. 



OLEACEiE: OLIYE FAMILY. 



57. — "Single-leaf Ash." (Fraxinus ammala^ Torrey.) 



Abundant on shady hillsides and plateaus. A small tree, rarely more 

 than 2(1 feet in height and 3 to 6 inches in diameter, occurring in south- 

 ern Utah and southwestern Colorado. The wood is hard, heavy, and 

 coarse-grained. 



Descyiption. — An anomalous species, lacking the usual compound leaf peculiar to 

 other ashes. Leaves simple, opposite, 1 to 2 inches long, ovate, orbicular or heart- 

 shaped (chiefly the latter), often with a broad notch at the end, mostly rounded above 

 or with short point ; margin entire or with shallow, rounded teeth ; sometimes smooth, 

 but usually more or less downy on the under surfaces, as are the leaf-stems and young 

 shoots, but more densely so. Seeds f to | of an inch long, ovate, pointed at the base, 

 rounded and with notch above, strongly veined in the center. Young shoots often 

 strongly quadrangular, with thin raised ridge (wing) at the angles. 



24738— Bull 2 12 



