GARDENING FOR WOMEN 155 



on the science of plant life and soil, and will be taught 

 chiefly by experiment and observation. 



Plant life. — Seeds. Roots. Leaves structure, trans- 

 piration, formation of starch. Stems. Buds. Flowers. 

 Fruits. Seeds. Annuals, biennials, bulbs, tubers, per- 

 ennials. 



The soil. — ^Plant food. Origin and composition of 

 soils. How plants appropriate food from the soil. 



Stage II. — SoU and situation. — Conditions which render 

 land suitable to particular forms of horticulture. Market 

 gardening. Hardy fruit growing. Nursery stock. Cul- 

 tivation under glass. Proximity to markets or stations. 

 Cost of labour and manure. Conditions of tenure. 



Arrangements. — ^Design of a garden to suit particular 

 purposes. Shelter hedges and wind breaks. Water supply. 

 Roadways and paths. 



Tillage. — ^The various operations and tools required. 

 Drainage. The amelioration of the soil by liming, claying, 

 the incorporation of lightening materials on clay soils. 



Composts and manures. — ^Loam, peat, leaf mould, 

 farmyard manure, liquid manure, artificial manures. 



Vegetables. — ^The cultivation of the standard vegetables 

 in the open air (1) for show, (2) for private consumption, 

 (3) for market work. Preparation of land, time of sowing, 

 manures, management, insect pests, harvesting and storing 

 of each crop. The character of the leading varieties of 

 the cabbage, kale, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, spinach, 

 etc., celery, turnips, beet, carrots, parsnips, potatoes, 

 onions, peas and beans, asparagus and seakale, tomatoes 

 in the open air. Succession of crops. Forcing. Growth 



