WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 251 



These smiling meadows on the roof of the Alleghanies are not 

 more popular with summer tourists to-day than with the large 

 game-animals, the deer, elk and buffalo of a century ago. When 

 the pioneers came the glades were the great pasture grounds 

 for all who could reach them. ' '* 



The above description was written of the glades in Alle- 

 ghany and Garret counties, Maryland, and Preston county, 

 "West Virginia, but the "scores of miles" must refer to condi- 

 tions outside the state as the open, grass-covered glades were 

 comparatively small on the West Virginia side. Most of the 

 glade land, in fact, was overgrown with shrubs and some of it 

 with dense stands of trees. An example of, this was the Pine 

 Swamp located on the Maryland line near the town of Cranes- 

 ville, which had a forest of spruce, white pine, hemlock, wild 

 cherry and tamarack. 



The Lumber Industry. 



Although settlements were made at Bruceton, Reedsville, 

 Kingwood and Aurora before the beginning of the 19th century, 

 **the whole country," says Major Orr, "was covered with tim- 

 ber in 1840 except the small farm openings of the scattered 

 settlements. ' 



Here, as in other counties, the pioneers made use of the 

 excellent water-power of the mountain streams for the manufac- 

 ture of lumber on primitive saw mills, used almost exclusively 

 for the first 50 or 75 years. The names and locations of a few 

 of the old saw mills are given below : 



Joseph Ringer's mill, on tributary of Muddy creek of 

 Cheat. 



Zeller's mill, near the mouth of Roaring creek. 



Friend's mill, on Daugherty creek. 



Gaudy's mill, on Maple run. 



Thos. Waters' mill, on Raccoon creek. 



David Portney's mill, on Threefork creek. 



Henry Albright's mill, on Muddy creek of Youghiogheny. 



Browning's mill, on Muddy creek of Youghiogheny. 



Wakefield's mill, on Muddy creek of Youghiogheny. 



The first circular steam saw mill was brought to the county 

 * "Washington and the West" — p. 120. 



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