WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



375 



TSUGA CANADENSIS, Carr. Hemlock. 



Geographic D istri h ution. 



Scattered through upland forests and often covering the north- 

 ern slopes of rocky ridges and the steep rocky banks of narrow 

 river gorges from Nova Scotia to eastern Minnesota, and south- 

 ward through the northern states to New Castle county, Dela- 

 ware, southern Michigan, southwestern Wisconsin, and along the 

 Appalachian mountains to northwestern Alabama; most abund- 

 ant and frequently an important element of the forests in New 

 England, northern New York, and western Pennsylvania; attain- 

 ing its largest size near streams on the slopes of the high mount- 

 ains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



Distribution in V,^est Virginia. — A common timber tree. Grows 

 in nearly all parts of the State. Confined to a few deep 

 ravines in the hilly regions east of the Ohio river in 

 Wayne, Cabell, ]\Iason, Jackson, Wood, Pleasants, Tyler, 

 Wetzel, and the Northern Panhandle counties. Rare in 

 Barbour, Harrison, Mingo, Gilmer, Wirt, Roane, Putnam, 

 Taylor, Jefferson, Berkeley, and Morgan. Most abundant 

 in Randolph, Webster, Tucker, Pocahontas, Nicholas, 

 Raleigh, Clay, IMercer, Greenbrier, and the southern end 

 of Upshur. 



Wood. — Medium soft, light, coarse-grained, brittle, hard to work, 

 quickly decaying when exposed to the weather. 



Uses. — Lumber used largely for rough construction, floors, 

 boxes, crates, barrel heads, and staves. Bark used in tan- 

 ning leather. Tree planted for shade and ornamental 

 hedges. 



ABIES FASERI, Poir. Balsam Fir. She Balsam. "Blister 



Pine." 



Geographic Distrihution. 



Appalachian Mountains from southwestern Virginia to western 

 North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, often forming forests of 

 considerable extent at elevations between 4,000 feet and 6,000 

 feet above the sea level. 



Distrihution in West Virginia. — Growing now in only three 

 known localities, viz : 



