WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



397 



ULMUS AMERICANA, L. White Elm. 



Geographic Distribution. 



River bottom-lands, intervales, low rich hills, and the banks 

 of streams; southern Newfoundland to the northern shores of 

 Lake Superior and the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, 

 southward to Cape Canaveral and the shores of Peace creek, 

 Florida, westward to the Black hills, Dakota, western Nebraska, 

 western Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the valley of the 

 Rio Concho, Texas; very common northward, less abundant and 

 of smaller size southward; abundant on the banks of streams 

 flowing through the midcontinental plateau. 



Distribution in West Virginia. — Common in most parts of the 

 State. Rare in some parts of Upshur, Webster, Randolph, 

 Tucker, Pocahontas, Nicholas, Greenbrier, and other 

 mountainous counties. Confined to low land. 



Wood. — Heavy, strong, tough, medium coarse-grained, light 

 brown. 



Uses. — Valuable chiefly for wagon hubs, boat-building, cooperage, 

 boxes, and furniture. 



Planted extensively as a shade tree. 



ULMUS FULVA, Michx. Slippery Elm. Red Elm. 



Geographic Distribution. 



Banks of streams and low rich rocky hillsides in deep fertile 

 soil; comparatively common from the valley of the St. Law- 

 rence river through Ontario to North Dakota, eastern Nebraska, 

 and northern and western Kansas, and southward to western 

 Florida, central Alabama and Mississippi, and the valley of the 

 San Antonio river, Texas. 



Distribution in West Virginia. — Distributed locally. Found in 

 the following counties : 



Barbour, Braxton, Clay, Fayette, Grant, Mingo, ]\Ionon- 

 galia, Pocahontas, Putnam, Roane, Tyler, Upshur, and Wet- 

 zel. Not found at high elevations. 



Wood. — Hard, heavy, close-grained, durable, dark brown. 



Uses. — Wood used in wheels, agricultural implements, handles, 

 fencing, ties, poles, etc. Inner bark used as a medicine. 



