39 



streams, and cutting terraces aloDg the scarps. Six days are 

 spent in military reconnaissance with reports and sketches, and 

 in competitive rifle-shooting. The examinations occupy twenty- 

 one days, and eighteen are spent as holydays. 



In the second year substantially the same topics of an advanc- 

 ing grade are pursued with an equally full course of study and 

 lectures. The season for cutting timber, the ages of different 

 kinds of trees to be felled, the proper time for a revolution or 

 forest crop and its restoration ; mineralogy, lithology and the 

 geological features of France ; saw-mills and everything relating 

 thereto, are among the additional studies of the third term^ In 

 the summer session, twenty-three days are spent in the forests 

 of Meurthe-et-Moselle and of the I'Aine, in the study of the 

 management of fellings formed of mixed timber, and of coppice 

 being converted into timber forest, and fourteen days are 

 allotted to the preparation of reports of these observations. 

 Two days are devoted to land surveying and six to trigono- 

 metrical surveys, making a trigonometrical survey of a forest 

 in the environs of Nancy or of the Yosges, reconnoitering the 

 ground, planting signals, measuring a base line and observing the 

 angles. Twelve days are assigned to the preparation of dia- 

 grams and calculations of the net-work of angles and a connec- 

 tion of this net- work with the lines on the map of France. 

 Eleven days are given to the study of the saw-mills in the 

 Yosges, five days of work on the ground and six in the class- 

 room are given to preparing a sketch and a description of 

 diagrams of the mechanism of five saw-mills selected as the best 

 specimens found in operation ; to experiments in the gauging 

 of water-courses, the effect of water-wheels, and the time 

 required in the work of sawing, and to the general coefficient of 

 waste. 



The Winter Session of the third year extends over the five 

 months from November to April, and is designed for advanced 

 students. In addition to some branches already enumerated, 

 zoology with especial attention to entomology, the ravages 

 committed by insects upon forests, the means of averting or 

 destroying them and of recovering a forest ravaged by them ; 

 the fixation of sand dunes, the reclamation of barren wastes, 

 and the re-foresting of denuded mountains ; the geology and 



