Spraying the Larger Fruits 



THE APPLE 



INSECT ENEMIES OF THE TRUNK AND BRANCHES 



The most destructive insect that comes under this 

 heading is the San Jose Scale or Pernicious Scale. 

 which has attracted so much attention during recent 

 years. This pest is now very generally distributed 

 over the United States and is yearly doing an enor- 

 mous amount of damage. It can at once be distin- 

 guished from the Oyster-shell Bark-louse by its cir- 

 cular scale, as shown at b in the figure on the opposite 

 page. This insect infests practically all kinds of 

 deciduous trees, and if unmolested it is liable to kill 

 them. It m.ultiplies with marvelous rapidity, espe- 

 cially through the long seasons of the southern states. 



Dr L. O. Howard describes the San Jose scale as 

 ''perfectly round, or at most very slightly elongated 

 or irregular. It is flat, pressed close to the bark, 

 resembles the bark of the twigs in color, and when 

 fully grown is about one-eighth of an inch in diameter. 

 At or near the middle of each scale is a small, round, 

 slightly elongated black point ; or this point may some- 

 times appear yellowish. When occurring upon the 

 bark of the twigs or leaves and in large numbers, the 

 scales lie close to each other, frequently overlapping, 

 and are at such times difficult to distinguish without 

 a magnifying glass. The general appearance which 

 they present is of a grayish, very slightly roughened 



