76 



FORESTS, FOREST LANDS AND FOREST PRODUCTS. 



nett counties. The British free-trade measure in 1846 gave free 

 entrance into English ports to the products manufactured from 

 turpentine and this stimulated the manufacture of these products 

 in North Carolina. From this date forward the exports of crude 

 turpentine decreased as the exports of spirits turpentine, rosin, 

 tar, etc., increased. 



It was found more economical to move the stills as close to the 

 seat of production as possible, so that when rosin was low in value 

 the spirits of turpentine only need be shipped. This allowed 

 work to be done farther from the water-courses, near to which the 

 industry had been previously confined. By 1855 about one-half 

 of the spirits of turpentine shipped from AVilmington was dis- 

 tilled inland. The shipments from AVashington and Xewbern had 

 already begun to decline, the building of the AVilmington and 

 Weldon Railroad having largely turned their trade toward Peters- 

 burg and AVilmington. 



By 1860 the orchards from which Washington drew its supply 

 approached exhaustion and production soon ceased. Newbern 

 being farther south, the industry continued there for several years 

 longer, but after 1870 the decline in production became rapid and 

 practically ceased during the past decade. There is now no dis- 

 tillery in full operation within thirty miles of Xewbern. Xorth of 

 the Xeuse river there were in 1893 only eight distilleries in operation, 

 with an output for that year of less than 7,000 barrels of rosin. 

 Three of these distilleries were in Johnston, two in Xash, two in 

 Wilson and one in AVayne county. 



SOUTH-AVESTAVARD EXTEXSIOX OF THE IXDFSTRY. After 1835 



the seat of the production of turpentine began to moA'e south- 

 westward through the Southern States. In 1810 the value of the 

 total product amounted to $593,451. nearly the entire amount 

 being produced in Xorth Carolina ; and in 1860, Avhile the value 

 of the total product in the United States Avas 87,454,000, that 

 of Xorth Carolina AA'as §5,355,778. In 1870 Xorth Carolina, 

 with 147 establishments, manufactured naval store products valued 

 at only |2,338,000, while the total product of the United States, 

 with 227 establishments, amounted in A^alue to §3,585,000. In 

 1893 Georgia made about the same amount of turpentine and rosin 



