118 FORESTS, FOREST LANDS AND FOREST PRODUCTS. 



small cooperage concerns engaged in making casks for spirits tur- 

 pentine from oak, and barrels for rosin and crude turpentine from 

 pine. The barrels for truck were made partly from pine "slabs," 

 with wire hoops, and partly from black-gum staves with cypress 

 hoops and yellow poplar heads. 



Besides this there was a large amount of cooperage material, 

 staves, headings and hoops, manufactured in Washington, Dare 

 and other north-eastern counties from cypress and white cedar. 

 The census for the year 1890 reports that there were that year 

 eighty-three establishments manufacturing cooperage in Xorth 

 Carolina, with a capital of $34,542 and an output valued at 

 $111,925. 



There are a number of special manufactories in the State, includ- 

 ing veneer works, spoke and handle factories, etc., using nothing 

 but wood in the manufacture of their products, or largely dependent 

 on wood. The character and extent of these manufacturing estab- 

 lishments and the practicability of increase in the State will be 

 made the subject of a special Bulletin to be published by the Sur- 

 vey at an early date. 



PRODUCTION OF TIMBER OTHER THAN MILL TIMBER. 



"Ton Timber." — The forests of eastern North Carolina once 

 furnished a large quantity of very valuble pine stocks of excep- 

 tionally large size and superior quality, under the name of "ton 

 timber," which were used in naval architecture, and for other pur- 

 poses requiring extra large strong timbers. These stocks came 

 from both the loblolly and long-leaf pines, the former furnishing 

 the longest and largest pieces. The finest trees for these uses have 

 been removed wherever accessible, and though some of these stocks 

 are still gotten out each year their size is not so large and their 

 quality is not so high as formerly. 



During recent years the largest of these stocks have come from 

 up the Cape Fear river, being that growth of loblolly known as 

 rosemary pine. They are procured here and there, only a few at 

 a place, in separate localities, by a number of contractors, so that 

 reliable information as to the amount of production could not be 

 obtained. However, at least 20,000 feet, scale measure, were 



