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green leaves being completely shaded; they are, in other words, being starved to 

 death. It is such observations that convince one that the relationship between 

 the two components of the Lichen (Alga and Fungus) must be a most harmonious 

 one; the Lichen behaves as an autonomous unit, a status that could be brought 

 about only by a relationship that is mutually beneficial to the components. 



To get a better understanding of the collecting region, I will state that 

 Cinchona Hill is a spur of the main Blue Mountain Range. As already stated, 

 the laboratories and gardens occupy its summit. Trails lead in various directions. 

 There is one that leads right around the summit of Cinchona Hill. But our 

 favorite trail was the one that leads to Morce's Gap, a pass in the main range, 

 and then on to Vinegar Hill. This trail keeps practically at the same level to 

 Morce's Gap, whence it rapidly descends to 3500 feet, and follows the contour of 

 the mountain side, winding in all possible and conceivable directions. It, there- 

 fore, happens that there are sunny sides, and less sunny, and even almost shady 

 sides, and, therefore, moist sides, and less moist sides. These trails are not very 

 wide; just wide enough for the laden donkey to make his way safely. On one 

 side, the mountain towers above one, sometimes rising in a gentle slope, i4°-25°, 

 l)ut oftener much steeper, 25°-45°, or even 65°^. On the other side one looks 

 down the moimtain, over tree tops; sometimes into some gigantic bowl, the moun- 

 tain sides rising up all around; sometimes, however, across the intervening valley 

 and off toward the distant sea. Another favorite walk was to New Haven Gap, 

 along a trail leading up to another trail 500 feet higher than the Morce's Gap 

 Trail, and parallel to it a great portion of the way. Then, too, there was the 

 Latimer River trail, which went in the north east direction to the one taken to 

 Morce 's Gap. It was along this trail that we found highly xerophytic conditions, 

 trees being absent much of the way, and the sun shining down and heating the 

 soil almost all day. That the sun could heat up the rock to quite high tempera- 

 ture, even at that altitude, may be observed from the following: on a day when 

 the thermometer registered 20°C. (68°F.) in the laboratories, it registered 40°C. 

 (i04°F.) when placed against a tree trunk on which the sun was shining, and 

 48°C. (ii8°F.) when placed on a rocky ledge on which the sun was shining. 

 Lichens here were, therefore, subjected to wide ranges of temperature every 24 

 hours, for, during the night the temperature was quite low, our official lowest 

 being I4°C. (58°F.). It probably was much colder on the ground. Along all 

 these trails one passes deep ravines, and it was a pleasure to explore some of them. 



In this preliminary report it has been deemed wise not to attempt any scien- 

 tific enumeration of the species found, but to leave this rather for a later paper, 

 when all the material collected will have been worked up, and here to classify 

 them by their habit of growth, merely as fruticose, foliose, and crustose forms. 



Fruticose Forms 



In this group are various species of Usnea and Ramalina, and Theloschistes 

 flavicans, which cover the branches of the trees, and the various species of Cladonia 



6 Shreve. Ibid.'p. 8. 



