PROVINCE OF RIO DE JANEIRO. 



31 



CHAP. III. 



PROVINCE OF RIO DE JANEIRO. 



Its Colonization-— Contests with the French and Tamoyo Indians— Expulsion of 

 the French— Foundation of St. Sebastian— Boundaries— Division into Co- 

 marcas— Mountains— Principal Rivers— Lakes— Bays— Capes— Islands- 

 Mineralogy— Zoology— Phytology— Cities and Towns— Boundaries, Towns, 

 and Productions of the Comarcas of Ilha Grande and Parahiha Nova- 

 Boundaries of the Comarca of Rio de Janeiro— The Metropolis— Situation — 

 English Burial-Ground— Streets— Royal Mode of riding— Compulsory Homage 

 upon the Occasion — Churches — Convents— Gloria Hill— Female Convents — 

 Visit to one — Fountains— Visit to the Aqueduct— Squares— Palace — Public 

 Buildings — Public Garden — Library — Manufactories — Theatre — Roads lead- 

 ing from the City— Palace of St. Christovao — Troops of Miners and others 

 from the Interior — Caza de Don Pedro — Royal Mill, Shacara, and Stables — 

 Fire-Works— Beija Mad—Fidalgos and higher Orders of Society— Splendour 

 of Churches— Royal Chapel— Religious Festivals and Observances— Funeral 

 Processions — Catacombs — The Host — State of Society — Markets. 



JoAM DE SoLis, who has been already mentioned, entered the bay of Rio de 

 Janeiro, in the year 1515, on his second voyage to South America; and about 

 four years afterwards Fernando de Magellan, and Ruy Falleiro, a famous 

 Portuguese mathematician who accompanied him, also remained a short time 

 in it, bestowing upon it the name of St. Luzia, Martim Affonso de Souza, who 

 was engaged in an exploration of the whole coast, went into the bay on the 1st 

 of January, 1532, and very improperly gave it the name, which it yet retains, of Rio 

 de Janeiro, (River of January,) evincing, what would not be supposed to be pos- 

 sible, that he considered it a river. No attempts were made, however, to form any 

 settlements here till the year 1555, when M. Villegagnon, a Frenchman, who had 

 rescued Queen Mary from Scotland, with his comrades, took possession of the 

 second island, after passing the entrance into the bay. His avowed object was 

 that of propagating Calvinism in the new world. On this island, which took 



