PROVmCE OF ST. PAULO. 



169 



of the Pipira, and as many more from this point to the confluence of the Tiete 

 with the Paranna. 



The imperfect methods of overcoming the natural difficulties which are pre- 

 sented, require twenty-six days to accomplish this voyage of five hundred 

 miles. Its course is very winding ; twenty-five miles are reckoned in a direct 

 line from Port Feliz to the mouth of the Capibary, and nearly sixty by the 

 river. 



It is fifty miles from the mouth of the Jocoaquatu to that of the Pirassicaba, 

 and only twenty in a straight line. The bed is principally stony, with a great 

 number of islands and falls, the most important of those precipitations are 

 denominated Avare-Manduava, Itaguassava, Pirapora, Bauru, Barery-Mirim, 

 Barery-Guassu, Escaramuca, Utupanema, Funil-Grande, (the Large Funnel,) 

 Guacurytuvussu, Aracanga-Mirim, Aracangavussu, Utupeva, and Utupiru. 

 The labour requisite to pass these falls with canoes is very great. There are 

 above sixty other places attended with difficulty, and half that number with con- 

 siderable danger, but which, notwithstanding, are passed without unloading the 

 canoes. The banks of this river are almost universally covered with superb 

 timber. Amongst other fruit trees are the jahuticaba, quince, cipota, jataJii, 

 nhandipapo, and uvacupari. From the bark of some trees the aborigines and 

 the certanistas construct canoes for the purposes of navigation ; and the resin 

 extracted from them the Indians use for lights, and for ornaments for their ears 

 and lips. Among other species of fish it affords the doirados, saupes, pacus, 

 piracanjuvas, surubins, piracamhucus, jahus, and piraquaxiaras, some of which 

 weigh two arrobas, or sixty-four pounds. 



It would be of incalculable advantage to the internal provinces of Brazil if 

 the government would adopt some effectual mode of diminishing the numerous 

 natural difficulties the Tiete presents to navigation. The voyage is also pro- 

 longed in consequence of the fogs, which almost every morning deter the canoes 

 from departure till eight o'clock, when these mists usually disappear. 



The river Tibagy, which originates to the west of Cannanea, runs to the 

 north-west, traversing the campos of Guarapuaba, where it becomes consider- 

 able from many other streams which join it, principally on the right 

 margin ; among them are the Pitanguy, Yapo, Jaguaryhiba or Jocuriahy, 

 and the Jaguaryquatu. The Cairussu is the largest among the few which it 

 receives on the left, and passes near the serra Doirada, It is navigable near to 

 its heads, and enters the Parannapanema about the middle of its course. 



Between the Jaguariquatu and the aforesaid Apiahy travellers from Villa do 



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