170 



PROVINCE OF ST. PAULO. 



Principe to Sorocaba pass, among other smaller streams, the Terere, Verde, 

 and Taquary, which run universally towards the west, and increase the Tibagy, 

 or the Parannapanema. The first and southern, when it crosses the road, is 

 hidden by a high point of rock, formed by nature, and deemed one of the 

 wonders of the province. 



The Piquiry, having its heads in the centre of the campos of Guarapuaba, 

 towards which it affords navigation for a very considerable space, runs west- 

 ward into the Paranna ten miles above the Seven Falls. In the northern angle 

 of its mouth, in an agreeable site, was situated Ciudad Real, otherwise Guayra, 

 demolished by the Paulistas in 1631. The detachment of Fort Iguatimim 

 attempted to rebuild it in 1773 ; but the undertaking was abandoned, in con- 

 sequence of every individual employed having perished in a few days by a 

 pestilential fever, which prevails here in January, February, and March. 



The Ivahy, originally Ubahy, which rises also in the campos of Guara- 

 puaba and near to the Tibagy, from whence some certanistas transport their 

 canoes to it, is considerable, navigable nearly to its origin, and so well stored 

 with fish, that it has also acquired the name of Rio do Peixe, (the River of 

 Fish.) It runs between the west and north-west, traversing an extensive terri- 

 tory, peopled with savage Indians, and enters the Paranna. 



The river Tinto, Bom, Soberbo, Capibary, and Thua are its principal 

 branches. The first is the northern and the last is the southern. The ruins of 

 Villa Rica, denominated Bannanal, are situated eight days' voyage above its 

 mouth, and was dismantled by the Paulistas upon the same occasion on which 

 they demolished Ciudad Real. A road connected these two places, of which 

 at the present day there is scarcely any trace. 



The Pardo issues from the comarca of St. Joao d' El Rey, where it washes 

 the arraial of its name ; and after flowing through an extensive tract westward, 

 and collecting, amongst others, the river Araquara, falls into the Rio Grande, 

 much below the confluence of the Sapucahy, a considerable river, which 

 travellers to Goyaz fall in with after they enter that province from St. Paulo. 



The river Parahiba, after describing a vast winding, and irrigating many 

 povoacaos of this province, returns towards that of Rio de Janeiro, where it has 

 its origin and termination. 



We will now describe the rivers which flow towards the ocean, and the 

 principal ports. These are Santos, Cannanea, and Paranagua. 



Eighteen miles to the north of the river Sahy Grande, a limit of the province, 

 is the mouth of the considerable and rapid Guaratuba, formed by others that 



