PROVINCE OF ST. PAULO. 



173 



Phytology. — This province possesses extensive woods, with a variety of 

 trees well adapted for building and other purposes. The cedar is common in 

 many parts, and the Brazilian pine abounds more than any other tree in many 

 districts. It is of two sorts, the green, high and straight, and the white, which 

 is not so compact as the first. Amongst other medicinal plants is the jarrinha, 

 which is regarded as an efficacious antidote, applied externally, to the bite of a 

 snake. The flowers of Europe do not degenerate much here; and fruit trees, 

 transplanted from the same quarter, prosper equally with a great portion of 

 those peculiar to the central provinces. The produce of the cotton tree is 

 neither abundant nor of the best quality ; common cottons, which are manu- 

 factured with it, constitute a branch of commerce. The agricultural productions 

 are wheat, rye, Indian corn, rice, mandioca, legumes, coffee, potatoes, sugar, 

 rum, and tobacco ; these, with a large quantity of hides and pork, cattle, horses, 

 mules, poultry, wax, precious stones, and drugs, are exported. 



Zoology. — Amongst other species of wild quadrupeds, the capibara, ounce, 

 anta, tamandua, guara, preguica, boar, deer, paca, monkey, rabbit, wild dog, 

 and areranha, are common. European animals are sufficiently numerous, with 

 the exception of the goat. A portion of salt is generally given to every species 

 of cattle as aliment ; and probably no other province produces such a prodi- 

 gious quantity of hogs. 



The eastern part of this province was possessed by two nations, denominated 

 Carijos and Guayanas ; the latter dwelt northward of the first. The western 

 districts are yet in the power of the native barbarians. The Paulistas give the 

 appellation of Bugres to those which inhabit the territory that extends from the 

 river Tiete to the Uruguay. The northern part is at this day occasionally 

 visited by the Cayapo tribes, whose dwelling places are on the other side of the 

 Paranna. The Bugres, amongst which there are some whites, with beards, are 

 divided into four nations ; one of these hordes perforate the under lip, some 

 shave the head in the form of a crown, and others ornament their faces with 

 dyes. The men go entirely naked, and use no other arms but the bow and 

 arrow. The women wear a girdle reaching nearly to the knees. 



Although they have fixed residences, and cultivate some vegetables, with 

 feijao, and three sorts of Indian corn, white, violet, and another, which the 

 Paulistas denominate peruruca, they wander about a part of the year in pursuit 

 of game and wild fruits. 



Their houses are of considerable length, and are formed by two ranges of an 

 equal number of poles, the flexibility of which admits of their junction at the 



