APPENDIX— PHYTOLOGY. 



517 



than at the ground, and otherwise denominated Arvore da Ian, (Wool-Tree,) has the rind covered with 

 round thorns, the leaves are almost elliptical, and from three to four inches in length. The flower begins 

 with the figure of a little round fig, smooth, without an eye, having a short and thick pedicle; this fig 

 has the length and form of an acorn, being always of a greeu colour, it opens at the extremity in three 

 parts, from whence issues a bud similar to that of cotton, round, and two inches long, which unfolds 

 in five petals three inches in length. It has five capillaments surrounded with a pistil, which is deli- 

 cate and terminates in a little red ball, the whole six attached to a receptacle at the bottom of a cup, 

 where a fruit is formed with some resemblance to a cucumber, which, when it opens, is full of fine 

 white wool, which the wind blows away if not immediately taken; it cannot be spun, but it is used 

 for stulfing beds. 



There are three sorts of Brazil Wood; — Brazil Mmm, which is the best; Brazil Asm, or 

 Rozado, so called from its trunk being higher, more upright, of less girth, and the dye which is ex- 

 tracted from it of less consistency and more rosy, hence arises its second name. The Brazileto 

 differs little from the Assu in size, in the form of its trunk and tuft, and affords little dye. The 

 Brazil Mirim has a larger trunk, the rind greener and finer, the thorns smaller and thicker, the leaf 

 smaller, and the wood more of a purple hue. The bark of the whole is smootii and the thorns begin 

 at the shoot and extend to the point of the branches. The flower of the Mirim is white and very 

 small ; the wood, immediately on being cut, if put to the tongue, is sensibly bitter, which, on becoming 

 dry, it loses, turning to an agreeable sweetness. These trees grow on rocks as well as in plains. The 

 Avood is heavy and excellent for building; put into water it will remain sound, it is said, eternally; 

 put into the fire it breaks in pieces, but does not produce any smoke. It is said, that the most proper 

 periods for cutting this timber for its dye is at the time of the new moon in winter, and when in the 

 fourth quarter in summer, A portion of vitriol and lime, or ashes thrown into the decoction of the 

 Brazil wood forms a black dye. 



Cacauzeira, or Cocoa-Tree, which generally does not exceed the size of a small tree, almost 

 always has many trunks, and extends its branches horizontally and incliuingly; the leaves resemble 

 those of the largest chestnut ; its fruit, which grows only upon the trunks and thickest branches, is a 

 large oblong capsule, in the shape of a mellon, with a very hard rind, which encloses forty to fifty 

 almonds in a white, viscous, and sweet substance. Of these almonds chocolate is made. 



Cafeeiro, or Coffee-Tree, transplanted from Arabia, and prospering admirably in the strong 

 and fresh soils of this country, is a branchy shrub, with the leaves opposite, which are smooth 

 pointed at both extremities, and larger than those of the laurel; the flower is white, entire, and 

 tubulous on the lower part, and cleft into five lancet points on the upper, with the same number of 

 capillaments attached to the angle of the divisions, and a pistil to the receptacle. The fruit is a 

 berry, somewhat resembling a cherry, attached to a thick and short pedicle. It is exceedingly fruitful, 

 and grows to the greatest size when planted under the shade of large trees ; but the fruit of those 

 trees exposed to the sun is of the best quality. 



Cajaty is a shrub with a very thick rind, black, and furrowed with the first bark, the leaf differs 

 little from the laurel, and affords a yellow fruit the size of the sloe, having an agreeable taste and 

 perfume, with seed like the orange, and attached to the extremity of the branch by a long and 

 delicate pedicle. 



Cajazeira, or Cajaza-Tree, is high, with a round tuft and small leaf, its fruit is like the acorn, 

 yellow, insipid, and with a large stone. 



The Cajueira, or Cajue-nut Tree, which grows in sandy soils, is a small tree with a crooked trunk. 



