APPENDIX. 



^77 



No. 46. 

 Winds. 



Much notice has lately been taken of the theory respecting storms , 

 suggested by Colonel Capper in 1801, discussed by Mr. Redfield in 

 1831, and carried out in much detail by Colonel Reid. I have neither 

 ability, nor at, present space, to make more than a few brief remarks 

 on this subject. 



Are not storms exceptions to the general winds, or atmospheric 

 currents ; not the causes of them } * Variable winds are almost con- 

 tinual, except during short intervals of calm ; but hurricanes, or 

 even ordinary storms, are rare. May not opposing or passing cur- 

 rents cause eddies, or whirls, on an immense scale in the air, not 

 only horizontal, but inclined to the horizon, or vertical ? 



In laying a ship to, during a storm, there are other points to con- 

 sider besides the veering of the wind ; such as the direction of the 

 sea, with or against a current, &c. I cannot agree with Colonel 

 Reid, in his remarks (page 425) about the " problem to be solved," 

 or in his " Rule for laying ships to in hurricanes." 



I never myself witnessed a storm that blew from more than fifteen 

 points of the compass, either successively, or by sudden changes. 



In most, if not all of the storms to which I can bear any testi- 

 mony, currents of air arriving from different directions appeared to 

 succeed each other, or combine together. One usually brought ' the 

 dirt,' to use a 'sailor's phrase, and another cleared it away, after 

 driving much of it back again, often with redoubled fury. One of 

 these currents was warm and moist — another cold and dry, compa- 

 ratively speaking. While one lasted, the barometer fell, or was sta- 

 tionary ; with another it rose. At all places I have visited, or of 

 which I have obtained notices on the subject, the barometer stands 

 high with easterly, and comparatively low with westerly winds, on 

 an average. Northerly winds in the northern hemisphere affect the 

 barometer, like southerly winds in the southern hemisphere. 



No. 47. 



Tides. 



At the end of the year 1833, I received from Mr. Whewell a copy 

 of a work for which seamen in general are deeply indebted to him. It 

 * Reid's Law of Storms, p, 120, &c. 



