CONTENTS. 



xi 



Sect. II. — Operations of Culture — continued. page 

 Cuttings of heath-like plants. 600. Cuttings of succulent plants. 

 601. Cuttings of the underground stems and roots. 602. Striking cut- 

 tings in water or moist moss. 603, Striking plants in powdered char- 

 coal. 604. Propagation by joints and nodules. 605. A nodule. 606. 

 Propagating by joints of the vine. 607. Propagation by bulbs and 

 entire tubers and tubercles. 608. Propagating by bulb-bearing leaves. 



§ 3. — Propagation by Leaves ........ 266 



609. The principle on which the propagation of plants by leaves is 

 founded. 610. The conditions generally required for rooting leaves. 

 611. Rooting portions of leaves. 612. The plants usually raised by 

 leaves in British gardens. 613. Propagation by the leaves of bulbs. 

 614. Rooting leaves and parts of leaves in powdered charcoal. 615, 

 Leaves with the buds in the axils root freely, 616. Immature fruits have 

 even been made to produce plants. 617. The essence of all the differ- 

 ent modes of forming plants from cuttings. 618. To induce stems or 

 shoots to produce leaves or growths from which cuttings may be formed. 



§ 4. — Propagation by Layers . . . . . . . .272 



619. The theory of layering. 620. The operation of layering. 621. 

 The state of the plant most favourable for layering. 622. Hardy trees 

 and shrubs. 623. Shrubs with very long shoots. 624. Layering by 

 insertion of the growing point. 625. Plum and paradise stocks. 626. 

 Roses. 627. Hardy herbaceous plants. 628. Shrubby plants in pots 

 kept under glass. 629. The soil in which plants are layered. 630. 

 Hooked pegs. 631. Th* time which layers require to produce roots. 



§ 5. — Propagation by Suckers, Slips, Offsets, Runners, and Simple 



Division 277 



632. A sucker. 633. Stem suckers or slips. 634. Offsets. 635. 

 Runners or stolones. 636. Simple division, 



§ 6. — Propagation by grafting, inarching, and budding . . . 280 



637. The term graft. 638. The origin of grafting. 639. The 

 phenomena of grafting. 640. The condition. 641. Anatomical 

 analogy. 642. Physiological analogy. 643. The modifications effected 

 by the graft. 644. The influence of the scion on the stock. 645. The 

 uses of grafting. 646. The different kinds of grafting, 647. The ma- 

 terials used in grafting. 648. Grafting-clay. 649. Grafting-wax. 



§ 7. — Grafting by detached Scions ....... 287 



651. Splice-grafting. 652. Splice-grafting the peach. 653. Cleft- 

 grafting. 654. Cleft- grafting the vine. 655. Saddle-grafting. 656. 

 Side-grafting. 657. Wedge-grafting. 658. Grafting the mistletoe. 

 659. Root-grafting. 660. Herbaceous grafting. 661. Grafting the 

 pine and fir tribe. 662, Grafting the tree-peony. 663, Grafting on 

 fleshy roots. 664. Herbaceous wedge-grafting. 665. Herbaceous 

 grafting for shoots with opposite leaves. 666. Herbaceous grafting 

 annual or perennial plants. 667. Grafting herbaceous shoots of succu- 

 lents. 668. Grafting the melon. 669. The greffe etouffee. 



§ 8. — Grafting by approach or inarching ...... 297 



671. Side inarching. 672, Terminal inarching. 673, Inarching 

 with partially-nourished scions. 



§ 9. — Budding or grafting by detached buds 300 



675. The uses of budding. 676. Performing the operation. 677. 

 Prepared wax for budding. 678. Plastic wax. 679. Shield-budding 

 in the end of summer. 680. Shield- budding in June. 681. Shield- 

 budding in spring. 682. Shield-budding without a bud or eye. 683. 

 Budding with a circular shield. 684. Budding with a shield stamped 

 out by a punch. 685. Budding with the shield reversed. 686. Bud- 

 ding with the eye turned downwards. 687. Shield-budding for resinous 

 trees. 688. Budding with the shield covered. 689> Budding with a 



