X 



CONTENTS. 



Sect. II. — Fixed structures used in Horticulture — continued, page 

 Pits. 516. The greenhouse. 517. The orangery. 518. The conser- 

 vatory. 519. Botanic stoves. 520. The pine stove. 521. Forcing- 

 houses. 522. A plant structure for all or any of the above purposes. 



SuBSECT. III. — Edifices used in Horticulture 224 



523. Gardener's house. 524. Journeyman gardener's lodge. 525, 

 The fi*uit-room. 526. Seed-room. 527. Root-cellar, and other con- 

 veniences. 528. Tool-house. 529. Open sheds. 



CHAPTER III. 



Operations of Horticulture ....... 227 



Sect. I. — Ho7'ticultural Labours . . . . . . . 227 



SuBSECT. I. — Horticultural Labours on the Soil .... 227 



531. Object of labours on the soil. 532. Marking with the garden 

 line. 533. Digging. 534. Trenching. 535. Trenching ground that is 

 to be cropped with culinary vegetables. 536. Operation of trenching, 

 537. Forking soil. 538. Hoeing. 539. Raking. 540. RoUing. 

 541. Screening or lifting. 542. Other labours on the soil. 



SuBSECT. II. — Garden Labours with Plants 235 



544. Sawing, 545. Cutting. 546. Clipping. 547. Clipping hedges. 

 548. Mowing. 549. Weeding. 550. Other labours with plants. 



Sect. II. — Operations of Culture ...... 239 



SuBSECT. I. — Propagation ........ 239 



§ 1. On Propagation by Seed . . ..... 240 



552, The seed. 553. Process of germination. 554. The period neces- 

 sary to complete the process of germination. 555. The quantity of 

 moisture most favourable to germination. 556. The water requi- 

 site to cause old seeds to germinate. 557. The depth to which a seed 

 is buried in the soil. 558. The degree of heat most favourable for the 

 germination of seeds. 559. The degree of heat which the seeds of plants 

 will endure. 560. The degree of cold which seeds will endure. 561. 

 Atmospheric air. 562. The influence of light. 563. Accelerating the 

 germination of seeds. 564. Various experiments have been made 

 to accelerate germination. 565. Electricity and alkalies as stimu- 

 lants to vegetation. 566. The length of time during which seeds 

 retain their vitality. 567. The length of time that seeds will lie in 

 the ground without growing. 568. The season for sowing seeds. 

 569. The mechanical process of sowing. 570. Sowing seeds in pow- 

 dered charcoal. 571. Sowing seeds in snow. 572. The discoveries 

 daily making in chemical science. 



§ 2. — On Propagation by Cuttings 249 



573. A cutting. 574. Selecting plants from which the cuttings are 

 to be taken. 575. Selecting the shoot. 576. Shoots which have formed 

 blossom-buds. 577. As general rules. 578. The time of taking oflF 

 cuttings. 579. Preparation of the cutting. 580. The number of 

 leaves which are left on the cutting. 581. Taking off a cutting. 

 582. Treatment of cuttings from the time they are made till they are 

 planted. 583. Cuttings of succulent or fleshy plants 584. The soil 

 in which cuttings are planted. 585. The depth. 586. Planting 

 cuttings. 587. The distance at which cuttings are planted. 588. 

 After-treatment of cuttings. 589. The most proper form of bell-glass 

 for covering cuttings. 590. Watering cuttings. 591. The temperature 

 most suitable for cuttings. 592. Cuttings of hardy deciduous trees 

 and shrubs. 593. Cuttings of hardy evergreens. 594. Cuttings of 

 all the Coniferse and Taxacese. 595. Cuttings of hardy or half-hardy 

 herbaceous plants. 596. Piping. 597. Cuttings of soft-wooded green- 

 house plants. 598. Cuttings of hard -wooded greenhouse plants. 599. 



