DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS OF PLANTS CONSIDERED. J 23 



than two feet high, with an iron wire about a foot higher along the top, 

 and with the wires sufficiently close together to exclude hares and rabbits ; 

 and between this fence and the sheep-fence there may be several shrubs, 

 with their branches resting on the ground. Thus, by the distribution of the 



"Fig. 11. Triple fence: 2l, for excluding cattle ,• h, sheep fence ; c, hare and rabhit fence. 



materials which commonly form one fence into three fences, the outer margin 

 of the plantation may be made to appear as free and irregular as if there 

 were no fence at all. See fig. 11. 



374. Unguldta {Hoofed Animals). — The ox, the sheep, the goat, the deer, 

 the horse, the ass, and the hog, belong to this order ; and the means of pro- 

 tecting gardens against them, or of using the animals or their manure so as 

 to become subservient to gardens, are well known, and already pointed out 

 in the Suburban Architect and Landscape Gardener^ and in our chapter on 

 Manures, p. 56. 



CHAPTER VI. 



DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS OF PLANTS, CONSIDERED WITH 

 REFERENCE TO HORTICULTURE. 



There are various diseases and accidents to which plants are liable, some 

 of which come little under the control of the gardener, and others he can 

 avert or subdue. The principal diseases which affect garden-plants are the 

 canker, mildew, gum, honeydew, and flux of juices. 



375. The canker chiefly affects fruit-trees, and of these perhaps more 

 particularly the apple ; and some apples are constitutionally more liable to 

 disease than others, — for example, the Ribston Pippin. The canker exhibits 

 itself in small brown blotches, which afterwards become ulcerous wounds, on 

 the surface of the bark, and soon extend on every side, eating into the wood, 

 and sooner or later becoming so large as ultimately to kill the tree. The 

 causes generally assigned are, the unsuitableness of the soil, the unpropitious- 

 ness of the climate, and the unfavourableness of the seasons ; and here the 



