—65- 



cHned to doubt its claim to specific rank,^ It is, with rare exceptions, a less 

 robust plant; the pigmentation is distinctly reddish brown; the cortical cells of 

 stem (and sometimes of branches) are likely to be even less fibrillose than in S. 

 papillosum and show frequently only a single rather large pore per cell; the 

 stem leaves tend to be dimorphous, as Cardot noted, the hemiisophyllous 

 ones very large and fibrillose throughout, sometimes with considerably divided 

 hyaline cells, the others unusually short and small for this group. The branch 

 leaves are frequently broadly rounded at apex, less strongly cucullate than usual 

 in the group, and with correspondingly less resorption of outer membrane in cells 

 near apex of leaf ; the chlorophyll cells with thinner walls are often quite rec- 

 tangular in section, but vary to lenticular, being nearly always exposed on both 

 surfaces. The inner walls of the hyaline cells where overlying these are generally 

 smooth in North American specimens; in Brazil the same or a very closely related 

 species shows papillae and similar forms may occur with us. I take these to 

 be distinct from 5. papillosum. 



Of the considerable synonymy of the species, which will be greatly increased 

 by South American names, it should be said at the start that Warnstorf's con- 

 ception of 5. erythrocalyx has undergone notable fluctuations, due largely to 

 the fact that he had not seen type material until recently.^ In 1890, e. g., he 

 made it a synonym of 5. medium Limpricht, as a variety papillosum with papillose 

 inner walls of the hyaline leaf cells, ^ only to change his opinion the next year,* 

 though it was still based upon specimens collected by Glaziou, not the type col- 

 lected by Beyrich. In 1911,° having in the meantime seen type material of 5. 

 erythrocalyx, he separates from it 5. perichaetiale Hampe, which he had in 1891 

 made its synonym, but without in either case having seen the type of 5. perichae- 

 tiale, which was also collected by Beyrich in the same locality as S. erythrocalyx. 

 I have been enabled to compare the types of both species but can detect no ap- 

 preciable difference. The name, S. perichaetiale, was apparently suggested by 

 the fact that the plant bore immature capsules immersed within perichaetial 

 leaves. 



5. guadalupense Schimper, 1876, from the West Indian island of Guadeloupe 

 is still consistently retained by Warnstorf^ as a separate species, but I am unable 

 to see any essential difference in the Guadeloupe specimens, other than their 

 slightly smaller size, a feature characteristic of Sphagnum (except S. portoricense) 

 from that island. 5. Husnoti Schimper, 1876, from the same place was reduced 

 to synonymy with S. guadalupense by Warnstorf in 1891'^ — it differs only in its 

 paler color and weaker growth, — as was also 5. Guyoni Warnstorf, 1884, from 



1 Zur Kenntn. d. Subs. u. Cymbif. Gruppe europ. Torfm. 120. 1894; cf. also Cardot, Rev- 

 5. 1887. 



2 C/. Pflanzenreich 51 : 516. 1911. 



3 Bot. Gaz. 15: 2521, and almost simultaneously Hedwigia 29: 186. 1890. 

 ^HedwigiaSO: 156-158. 1891. 



*L. c. 476, 486. 



'L, c. 506. 



' Hedwigia 30: 148. 



