—74— 



1. Ramalina rigida. 3. Ramalina spores. 



2, Ramalina Duriaei. 4. Ramalina pusilla. 



5. Ramalina usnea. 

 Cortical layer 20-60 m thick. Hyphae 2-9 m in diameter. Gonidia 5-17 

 At in diameter. 



Plate VII 



1. The Acharian type of Ramalina homalea at Helsingfors. (Slightly reduced.) 



2. The Nylander type of Ramalina testudinaria at Paris. (Nat. Size.) 



3. The Acharian type of Parmelia ceruchis at Helsingfors. (Slightly reduced.) 



4. The Nylander type of Ramalina comheoides at Helsingfors. (Nat. Size.) 



5. The Howe type of Ramalina comheoides var rohusta at Washington. (Slightly 

 reduced.) 



6. The M idler Arg. type of Ramalina testudinaria var. intermedia at Chambesy. 

 (Nat. size.) 



7. The Miiller Arg. type of Ramalina testudinaria var. humilis at Chambesy. 

 (Nat. size.) 



NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN SPHAGNUM. V (Concluded) 



A. LeRoy Andrews 



II. Sphagnum teres (Schimper) Angstrom, 1861. This type, distinguished 

 as a variety of the one next following by Schimper in 1858, was regarded by Ang- 

 strom as a separate species and bryologists have wavered between the two 

 opinions ever since. While inclined from my own experience to separate the 

 two specifically I realize fully their very close relationship. Warnstorf once 

 inverted the relation of the two, making the following a variety of this species.^ 

 This procedure while nomenclatorially reprehensible was probably based upon 

 a correct feeling for phylogenetic relationships. The two are most readily dis- 

 tinguished from other species of Litophloea by their large stem-leaves of elongated 

 Ungulate shape with broad and short hyaline cells without fibrils and with ex- 

 tensive membrans-resorption on outer surface, the total effect being well repre- 

 sented by Roth's figures already referred to. Of the two S. teres is the more 

 likely to be confused with other species, as in the field it looks not unlike such 

 species as S. Girgensohnii or even S. recurvum, a fact obviously not without 

 phylogenetic significance. These three species can however be readily distin- 

 guished in the wet state by an examination of the stem-leaves with a hand-lens 

 and like all Sphagna are more easily distinguished when dry. Lindberg was the 

 first to note^ that the inner walls of the hyaline leaf-cells where overlying the 

 chlorophyll cells are in both S. teres and 5. squarrosum usually minutely papil- 

 lose. The two species are separated from each other by quantitative macro- 

 scopic differences: the greater size of the plants and of some of their parts in 

 6'. squarrosum and the usually strongly squarrose branch-leaves of the latter 

 species, its individual branch-leaves being then ovate-hastate while those of S. 



1 Die europaischen Torf moose 121. 1881. 

 * Cf. Braithwaite, Sphagnaceae 62f. 1880. 



