SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION. 



137 



These stations cover every stream rising in the south- 

 ern Appalachian Mountain area. 



Besides measurements at the foregoing- regular stations 

 miscellaneous measurements were made in the watersheds 

 of all of the larger rivers, on both the main streams and 

 on their principal tributaries. The following large rivers 

 were measured: Yadkin, Catawba, Broad (of the two 

 Carolinas), Saluda, Tugaloo, Broad (of Georgia), Savan- 

 nah, Oconee, Ocmulgee, Chattahoochee, Etowah, Coosa wat- 

 tee, Conasauga, Coosa, Tallapoosa, New, French Broad, 

 Nolichuck}', Holston, Watauga, Tennessee, Hiwassee, 

 and Toccoa (or Okoee). A complete list of the measure- 

 ments made, showing the discharge of the various rivers 

 and their tributaries, has been published in Water Sup- 

 ply and Irrigation Paper of the United States Geological 

 Survey No. 49. 



In some respects the summer of 1900 was a peculiar one tionriifi9oo°and 

 in the Appalachian region. Rain was abundant during ^^"^^ 

 June, and the streams were moderately high during the 

 earlv part of the summer, but later very little rain fell, 

 and most of the rivers and their tributaries were at an 

 extremely low stage, as low as they have been for a num- 

 ber of years. During the spring of 1901, however, the 

 rivers were at a higher stage, and a number of high-water 

 measurements were obtained, the results of which will be 

 published in a later number of the W^ater-Supply Papers 

 b}^ the United States Geological Surve3\ With a view to 

 making more than one measurement at the same place on 

 each stream a bench mark was established at the time the 

 first measurement was made, and the relative height of 

 the water surface was noted at each succeeding gauging, so 

 that in this way the relation between the rise of the 

 stream and the discharge could be ascertained. Examina- 

 tions Avere also made for the watermarks at the time of 

 previous floods, and when the 3^early fluctuations of the 

 streams could be obtained they also were noted. With the 

 numerous gauge heights, and n)easurements of flow that 

 have now been made, fairly complete data of the flow from 

 the various drainage basins are available. 



VALUE OF THESE MOUNTAIN STREAMS FOE. WATER- 

 POWER PURPOSES. 



The greater part of this region is occupied bv g-neissic , •^"P'^'*'""^ 



^ , ^ ^ f .' to favonug water- 



rocks, having for the most part a characteristic northeast- p"^^':'" deveiop- 



to-southwest strike, the irregular rock layers dipping 



