DISTRIBUTION IN THE OLD WORLD. 267 



Ocneria clispar, Rudzky, Ins. Useful and Inj. to Fruit Trees, pp. 9-13, 

 1894. 



Ocneria dispar, Kane, The Ent., vol. XXVII, p. 15, 1894. 

 Ocneria dispar. South, The Ent., vol. XXVII, p. 25, 1894. 

 Ocneria dispar. Turner, The Ent., vol. XXVII, p. 153, 1894. 

 Ocneria dispar, Forbush and Fernald, Rep. Mass. Bd. Agr., 1894. 

 The Gypsy Moth, Ent. Record, vol. VI, p. 314, 1895. 

 The Gypsy Moth, Ent. Record, vol. VII, p. 146, 1895. 

 Ocneria dispar, Mocsary, Termeszet. Fuzetek, vol. XVIII, pp. 67, 72, 

 1895. 



Porthetria dispar, Comstock, Manual for the Study of Insects, p. 312, fig. 

 378, 1895. 



Ocneria dispar, Fletcher, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., vol. XXV, p. 67, 1895. 

 The Gypsy Moth, Fletcher, Trans. Royal Soc. Can., vol. I, p. 14, 1895. 

 Ocneria dispar, Meyrick, Handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 175, 1895. 



Distribution m Other Countries. 



The gypsy moth has a wide distribution in the old world. 

 Speyer, in *'Die Geographische Yerbreitung der Schmetter- 

 linge," published in 1858-62, Vol. I, page 401, and Vol. II, 

 page 287, informs us that it extends over the entire region, 

 from the lowlands to the highlands, through middle and 

 southern Europe, western Asia and northern Africa, reach- 

 ing from Stockholm on the north to Algiers on the south, 

 England on the west, the Altai Mountains and the Caspian 

 Sea on the east. It extends also into eastern Asia, including 

 Japan ; and the tropics, Neitner having found it in Ceylon. 



Bremer, in his ' ' Lepidopteren Ost-Siberiens," published 

 in 1864, reported it in south-eastern Siberia. Staudinger, 

 in his ''Catalog der Europseischen Faunengebiets," published 

 in 1871, gives for the distribution of the gypsy moth the 

 entire territory, except the northern countries, including 

 southern Sweden and England. He also doubtfully includes 

 Livonia. Grgeser states that the young caterpillars of this 

 species were very common in the early part of June, 1881, 

 near Yladivostock, Siberia. He further states that the cater- 

 pillars in Amoor have a very different appearance from those 

 in Europe, the prevailing color being yellow ; but all the 

 moths bred from these caterpillars were entirely like those 

 of Europe, ''Berlin Ent. Zeits.," Yol. XXXII. In 1861, 

 Homeyer reported the gypsy moth on the Island of Majorca 

 in great abundance, destroying both deciduous and evergreen 

 trees. In the "Entomologist's Monthly Magazine," Yol. 



