TIME AND MANNER OF FEEDING. 313 



observations made every ten minutes, from 6 o'clock in the 

 afternoon till 5 the next morning. At 7.30 p.m., caterpillar 

 No. 4 began to grow uneasy, and moved about under the bur- 

 lap or on the trunk below it. At 8.20 the first one. No. 2, 

 started up the tree from the burlap, and soon all the rest 

 were on the move. Some of the caterpillars, after climbing 

 up the trunk several feet, descended for a short distance and 

 then ascended again ; and they often stopped to rest on their 

 way up or down the tree trunk. At 9.50 No. 3 had reached 

 the leaves, sixteen feet from the burlap, and begun feeding. 

 Others reached the leaves later, and fed during the night 

 with intervals of rest. At about 3 a.m. they ceased feeding 

 and descended the trunk, and at 4.25 all were at rest under 

 the burlap or in crevices in the bark. One caterpillar about 

 to molt and one about to pupate remained quietly under the 

 burlap all night. It was further observed that the smaller 

 caterpillars, as a rule, fed on the lower branches, while many 

 of the larger ones went to the extreme tips of the upper 

 limbs. 



Mr. Minott's observations were made on the nights of 

 July 26, 27, 28 and 29, 1893; and the results were sub- 

 stantially the same as in Mr. Kirkland's observations, except 

 that the caterpillars started from their places of concealment 

 to ascend the trees a little earlier in the evening. The 

 observations of Mr. Kirkland, on a single caterpillar, will 

 illustrate fairly well the operations of the insect during the 

 night, though others varied slightly in their work : — 



P.M. 



7.40. Caterpillar came out from under the burlap and began 



moving up the tree. 

 7.50. Ascended the trunk, twelve feet from the burlap. 

 8.00. Reached a leaf fifteen feet from burlap and commenced 



feeding. 

 8.10. Still feeding. 



8.20. Had three feeding spells between 8 and 8.15, with short 



rests between. 

 8.30. Feeding. 

 8.40. Moving. 

 8.50. Feeding. 

 9.00. Feeding. 



