275 



ken ; but on the frontiers' the peasants speak the 

 Araucanian or Chilian as well as the former. 



The men dress in the French, and the women in 

 the Peruvian fashion, except that the women of 

 Chili wear their garments longer than those of Peru. 

 In point of luxury, there is no différence between 

 the inhabitants of the two countries ; Lima pre- 

 scribes the fashions for Chili, as Paris does for the 

 rest of Europe. Those who are wealthy make a 

 splendid display in their dress, their servants, coaches 

 or titles. Chili alone, of all the American provinces, 

 has enjoyed the superior privilege of having two of 

 its citizens exalted to the dignity of grandees of 

 Spain ; these are, Don Fernando Irrazabai, Marquis 

 of Valparaiso, born in St. Jago, who was viceroy 

 of Navarre and generalissimo of the Spanish army 

 in the time of Philip the Fourth ; and Don Fermin 

 Caravajal, Duke of St. Carlos, a native of Concep- 

 tion, who resides at present at the court of Madrid. 

 Don Juan Covarrubias, who was a native of St. 

 Jago, in the beginning of the present century en- 

 tered into the service of the king of France, and 

 was rewarded with the title of Marquis of Covarru- 

 bias, the order of the Holy Ghost, and the rank of 

 Marshal in the French army. 



The salubrity of the air and the constant exer» 

 cise on horseback to which they accustom themselves 

 from childhood, render them strong and active, and 

 preserve them from many diseases. The small 

 pox is not so common as in Europe, but it makes 

 terrible ravages when it appears. This disease was, 

 in the year 1766, for the first time introduced into 



