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four year old orchard. So I think we have to be a little conservative 

 about judging methods from other sections. But insects are the 

 same in one section as in another — you have the same scale, same 

 codling moth, same curculio and lice as we do, and the same methods 

 will kill them. I am aware of the fact that Pennsylvania is a lime 

 and sulphur state, and I feel a little timid about mentioning the 

 material that we use for killing scale, which is crude oil. We start 

 to spray about the middle of February with oil, after heating it to 

 about one hundred degrees with live steam, agitated as it is used, so 

 as to keep the heavier oils and light oils together, using as high a 

 pressure as we can get, and after spraying for the scale, we begin to 

 spray for lice. We will go over the trees with a light spray of oil 

 when the leaves are as small as a mouse's ear, or smaller; the next 

 thing that we spray for is the codling moth and the curculio, follow- 

 ing immediately after spraying for the lice. We used four pounds 

 of arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of water. This year we will use 

 five pounds. Except where we had scab on our Wine Sap last year, 

 we will omit the arsenate of lead and use instead one-half pound of 

 paris green, three pounds of sulphate of copper with ten pounds of 

 lime to fifty gallons of water. The reason we do not use the arsenate 

 of lead in the Bordeaux mixture is because we use an excess of lime,, 

 which would make it too pasty to spray with. After the blossoms 

 drop we use the Bordeaux, and immediately after the Bordeaux we 

 use the lead. We used to count how many times we were going to 

 spray the trees. We can now spray as many times as we please, 

 until all danger of the codling moth and fungus is past. After the 

 first spraying of the Bordeaux we put in two and a half pounds of 

 sulphate of copper instead of three pounds to fifty gallons of water. 



W^e use other methods of catching and destroying the coddling 

 moth by scraping the bark of the older trees before we spray with 

 oil. About July ist we begin to put old burlap around the trunk of 

 trees, and as soon as we see the sign of the worm coming out of the 

 apple, we remove the burlap, destroy the worm and place the bur- 

 lap back and repeat this about every ten days, until they stop coming 

 from the apple. With all our spraying we find as high as fifty 

 worms to a tree. 



I have brought one of these bands to show you how it 

 works (Shows burlap band with codling moth cocoons attached). 

 We place one of these bands around the butt of the tree. We used 

 one last year, and are going to use two next year — one at the bottom 

 of the tree and one at the beginning of the limbs. 



Q. At what season of the year do you apply these ? 



A. About the first of July — just as you see them coming out. 

 Each moth lays about 200 eggs for the next year. These bands are 

 put on after spraying, and are changed frequently. This one was 

 taken off day before yesterday. 



There are three brothers of us in the John Repp Estate. I have 

 charge of four hundred and fifty acres all set in fruit that consists 

 of Pears, Apples and Grapes, with 14,500 Wine Sap alone, — 

 seven thousand just coming into bearing. Charles F. Repp has 

 charge of the Cold Storage and Ice Plant, with a capacity for storing 

 10,000 barrels of fruit, and a capacity for making thirty-five 

 tons of ice per day. Joseph P. Repp, who is in the commission 



